M.L. 2021 Projects (2021)

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Grassland habitats promoted higher breeding success for Tree Swallows. Nestling diets were diverse (over 130 families of arthropods were detected) and varied across habitats, despite observed insect diversity being relatively constant. Overall, sites with grassland habitat had higher nestling growth rates, and a diverse bird breeding bird community.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Aerial insectivores have experienced significant population declines in recent decades. The decline is often attributed to a combination of factors, including habitat loss, changes in land use, climate change, pesticide use, and reductions in the abundance and diversity of insect prey. Insect prey availability is critical for the survival and reproductive success of these birds, as it directly impacts their food resources. This study investigated the relationship between the availability of insect prey and breeding diet and dynamics of Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), a model species of aerial insectivores, across land-use intensities. Specifically, we assessed differences in breeding success, insect availability, growth rates, provisioning rates, and nestling diet across agriculturally dominated sites, grassland sites, and sites with both habitats. Overall, we monitored 95 occupied nest boxes, banded 74 adults, and obtained measurements on 508 nestlings. Our results showed that breeding season success was positively associated with NDVI ((measure of health and density of vegetation) and in areas that had higher proportions of grassland at the landscape scale. Insect diversity and biomass was similar across treatments. We found that while provisioning rates did not differ between land-use types, growth rates were highest in sites with both agriculture and grassland habitats, suggesting higher quality prey items. Tree Swallow nestlings are fed a diverse diet that differed in composition across habitats: overall we detected 482 unique genera of arthropods from 130 families and 12 orders. Diptera, Coleoptera, and Lepidoptera were common prey items. The outcomes of this study provide baseline insights into the link between insect prey dynamics and the decline of aerial insectivores. Understanding these relationships is essential for developing conservation strategies aimed at conserving biodiversity and preserving ecosystem function.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

We held four multi-agency meetings to discuss private land conservation priorities, addressing key questions on where, why, and how to focus efforts. Formed working group with Minnesota Land Trust and USFWS to develop climate-forward conservation training. Developed resources and tools to address private landowner concerns, particularly the misconception that small parcels lack conservation impact, emphasizing our results demonstrates that small-scale efforts can significantly benefit insect and bird communities. We also developed "Enhancing Value of Agricultural and Grassland Ecosystems: Management Guidelines for Private Lands" (attached). Next, we will finalize eDNA and insect analyses and submit a manuscript for publication.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) created an online portal that compiles groundwater and environmental data from various MPCA programs. The public can access the data through the Groundwater Atlas and other access points. The MPCA believes the system will be extensible to other state agencies in the future.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

In 2017, a project funded by the Environmental and Natural Resource Trust Fund (ENRTF) created an interactive web-based map to share information about groundwater contamination. This map helped the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) communicate better about facilities and their impact on groundwater. However, we realized we needed a way to receive this data electronically. So, the MPCA expanded the use of the web-based map to other programs and created an online portal for environmental monitoring data. This portal makes it easier to collect both historical and current data. Laboratories, permittees, and consultants can now submit data electronically, streamlining processes related to permits. The portal is available to over 2,000 facilities, and so far, the MPCA has received over 200 data sets.

By successfully completing this project, the MPCA demonstrates its commitment to efficient data management and environmental stewardship. The centralized groundwater and environmental testing results empower informed decision-making and promote environmental health. Additionally, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) believes that this system can be extended to other state agencies in the future, as we share the monitoring database. The portal, along with the web-based map, provides the public with an online resource to access environmental public health data, empowering individuals, communities, and organizations to make informed decisions related to public health and the environment.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Throughout the project the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) kept stakeholders informed. The MPCA used Gov. Delivery messages to inform the public about new service portal. External testers were utilized to ensure usability and functionality. We actively seek feedback from the public during and after the project using the existing web application feedback form which helped improved ongoing maintenance. MPCA reviewed the web application for accessibility and ensured that content was I plain language. All web landing pages, documents presentation and electronic messaging acknowledge the Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund’s support with the fund’s logo displayed where appropriate.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

We surveyed vegetation and pollinators across 21 RIM/CREP easements and 3 Prairie Bank Easements and analyzed change in canopy cover across 125 easements in Redwood County. Results afford state agencies, SWCDs, and landowners new insight to improve existing and new easements to provide high-quality habitat for wildlife and pollinators.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

In Minnesota, conservation easements are widely used to achieve natural resource protection benefitting the general public, while still keeping land in private ownership. In the 40 years since the Reinvest in Minnesota easement program began, we have become substantially more knowledgeable about developing and managing conservation lands. However, we are now facing increased pressure from invasive species. Coupled with challenges associated with the transfer of easement ownership, lack of funding, knowledge, and/or abilities to do the work, easement management by the landowner is difficult.

This project evaluated the vegetative communities on easements across Redwood County and provided solutions which could be applicable for easement design, enhancement, and management across the state. The easement evaluation project was coupled with outreach and education components to landowners with conservation easements. These were our primary findings: 1) Easements that were planted to higher diversity seed mixes had lower non-native species encroachment; 2) Most easements, with the exception of buffer/filter strips, had moderate species diversity when compared to native, remnant prairies in the area; 3) Tree encroachment was increasing by 20% each year from 2010-2021; 4) Incorrect, ineffective, poorly-timed, or general lack of management yielded decreased plant diversity, increased non-native species, and higher tree encroachment; 5) Easements that were not originally cropland had the highest woody cover encroachment; 6) No correlation between easement age and plant diversity; 7) Easement type was not indicative of plant diversity; 8) Native bees showed notable preference for native flowers and non-native insects (primarily the European Honeybee) had a high preference for flowers from Europe; and 9) All easement types have low floral diversity in the spring, and many have low diversity in the fall – both of which times pollinators are active and desperately needing resources as they emerge from or prepare for hibernation.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Preliminary results and restoration techniques were shared at 3 demonstration events in Redwood County. Great River Greening presented results at the regional Society for Ecological Restoration conference in May 2024. A final analysis of the data was compiled into a final report, shared with partners and agencies, and posted on the organization website along with a devoted webpage highlighting the project (greatrivergreening.org/redwood). Landowner letters were created and mailed summarizing their respective easements. The final report included recommendations for improving habitat quality across easements and methods for landowner education and engagement to encourage land stewardship across private lands.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The State-Tribal Wild Rice Monitoring Collaboration brought together a network of state agency, tribal entities and other organization professionals to develop a collaborative around collecting and sharing data on wild rice abundance. This baseline data was used to refine remote sensing application to create statewide maps of wild rice coverage.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

The State-Tribal Wild Rice Monitoring Collaboration was created to address the decline of natural wild rice in Minnesota, a vital ecological and cultural resource. Despite its importance, only 3% of Minnesota’s wild rice lakes were being monitored, with fragmented and inconsistent data. This project established a coordinated, statewide wild rice monitoring program to improve conservation efforts, enhance data collection, and develop new tools for tracking wild rice abundance.

Working in partnership with tribal nations, state agencies, and conservation organizations, the project collected field data from 2,925 survey points across 27 lakes in 2022 and 2023. Plant density, disease prevalence, and habitat conditions were documented. The project also improved a Google Earth Engine (GEE) remote sensing tool to map wild rice statewide, refining techniques to better detect changes in abundance. Additionally, UAV (drone) technology was tested for its potential to improve monitoring accuracy and efficiency.

A key outcome was the creation of a collaborative network of 12 tribal and state partners, improving relationships and coordination in wild rice conservation. Annual Wild Rice Knowledge Symposiums provided a platform for sharing data, integrating Indigenous knowledge, and fostering cross-agency cooperation.

The project enhances Minnesota’s air, water, and land quality by helping provide baseline data on wild rice. Wild rice is not only important culturally, but also ecologically as it filters phosphorus, prevents shoreline erosion, and supports fish and wildlife habitats. Findings from the monitoring program are shaping future conservation strategies, and research efforts to address climate change and human impacts on wild rice. The data will continue to be used for long-term environmental planning, ensuring that wild rice remains a thriving resource for future generations. This collaborative approach sets a model for state-tribal partnerships in natural resource management, demonstrating the power of shared knowledge in preserving Minnesota’s ecological and cultural heritage.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The Wild Rice Conservation Report outlines efforts to protect and monitor Minnesota’s wild rice through state-tribal collaboration, data collection, and advanced remote sensing to sustain its ecological and cultural significance. Modeled Wild Rice Presence 2023 results are available at the Minnesota Natural Resources Atlas. https://mnatlas.org/Proceedings of the Wild Rice Knowledge Symposium are being published by the UMN, with a weblink forthcoming.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Morrison SWCD documented the location, elevations, and condition of culverts throughout the 28 townships in the county. This culvert data provides an understanding of drainage features for watershed analysis and protection, will prevent wetlands from being drained due to improperly placed culverts and presents opportunities for habitat and wildlife restoration.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Since ENRTF funding for this project began all 28 township road centerline culverts, Camp Ripley and county ditch culverts have been surveyed for a total of 7,800 culverts. The last two construction seasons have been dryer than normal and has consequently reduced the amount of drainage conflicts. None the less, this data has helped de-escalate conflicts between landowners and at times units of government.

Since November 30, 2023, the townships that have submitted culvert replacement forms have had their replacement culverts surveyed and inventoried. All townships have been encouraged to submit a culvert replacement form to help keep the county inventory as up to date as possible. Inventory work is completed, and the data reports and analyses have been completed with updated replacement culverts. All this information is stored at the SWCD, with Morrison County and with the appropriate road authorities.

Our office continues to assist township board road authorities and their contractors as well as Morrison County Public Works and Land Services and Camp Ripley with technical and engineering assistance. Morrison County has experienced several intense rain events that have washed out roads and culverts where this information was able to help reconstruct infrastructure in these washed-out areas.

On June 24th, 2022, the city of Randall, MN experienced a 500 yr storm event that resulted in 12"+ of rain. The culvert inventory obtained through the ENRTF funds was used by emergency management services and several road authorities to manage the flood event.

In the fall of 2022, Three Morrison county townships had requested assistance with repairs and documentation to FEMA from storm events that year. The assistance that the SWCD gives to these townships is a direct result of the culvert inventory. The historic data the inventory has collected is invaluable to reestablish elevations after a disaster event.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The final culvert inventory has been submitted to Morrison County GIS Department to be updated on the County GIS Beacon Site for the public and other resource professionals to access. The Morrison SWCD engineering technician continues to aid township officials, Morrison County, landowners and Camp Ripley as requested and work with each of these entities to keep the inventory up to date and to resolve drainage issues as this issue continues to be one of the most challenging natural resource problems in Morrison County. The data from this LCCMR project is being used as a model for the statewide standard.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Project outcomes include cataloging bog microbial diversity across Minnesota’s ecoregions, creating DNA libraries, and advancing antimicrobial research. Over 150 students were trained in molecular techniques, and their findings were presented at major conferences. This work fosters student retention in STEM fields and contributes to public health, sustainability, and best management.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

The project successfully cataloged the microbial functional diversity and community structure of bogs across Minnesota’s ten ecoregions. DNA libraries were created from wetland samples to analyze community diversity, providing foundational insights into bog ecosystems. This data is being compiled into a manuscript for publication and shared with stakeholders to inform best management practices.

Significant progress was made in characterizing the Actinomycetes bacterial group, known for producing antimicrobial compounds. Preliminary protocols for isolating Actinomycetes were developed, leading to promising leads for new antimicrobials. While further research is needed to optimize these methods, this effort underscores the potential for bog ecosystems to address public health challenges through novel antimicrobial discoveries.

The project served as a robust educational platform, training over 150 students in molecular and microbiological techniques, including 26.5% of the biology/health science students at the University of Minnesota Crookston (UMC). Nine undergraduate researchers participated directly in the lab, contributing to protocol development and manuscript co-authorship. Students presented findings at regional and national conferences, gaining valuable experience in scientific communication. One student, the lead author of a published manuscript, secured a research technician role at Columbia University. Northwest Technical College students have also contributed.

Students from UMC participated in field sampling over two summers. Advanced techniques, such as Nanopore sequencing and chemical characterization, were employed to assess inter-bog microbial diversity and identify antimicrobial compounds. These efforts yielded over 1,000 microbial isolates, with 176 showing activity against safe ESKAPE pathogen relatives and fewer than 20 demonstrating consistent antimicrobial activity.

This project exemplified the intersection of science, education, and public impact. It fostered STEM engagement among students, advanced research on microbial diversity and antimicrobial discovery, and provided practical data for the conservation and sustainable management of Minnesota’s bog ecosystems. Dissemination efforts ensured broad scientific and public engagement with the findings.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The project results were disseminated through student presentations at local, regional, and national conferences, including the American Society for Microbiology and the National Council of Undergraduate Research. Students and faculty published a literature review and are preparing additional manuscripts for peer-reviewed journals. Findings were incorporated into microbiology courses at UMC and NTC, introducing students to research methods. Additionally, the Science Museum of Minnesota was awarded an LCCMR grant to create an interactive online story map showcasing 100 funded projects across Minnesota’s ecoregions. The lead PI was interviewed, and the "story" of this project will be part of it.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

In the Big Woods Region of Minnesota, species richness of vascular plants and carbon accumulation are similar in second growth and old-growth sugar maple forests, indicating that second growth forests are currently healthy. However, jumping worm invasion is an emerging threat to diversity and productivity of Big Woods forests.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Big Woods forests are dominated by sugar maple, American basswood and northern red oak, with smaller amounts of other species. Most of the Big Woods landscape in southeastern Minnesota has been converted to other land uses so that there is concern about the ecological health of the remnants. This project analyzed the ecological health of old-growth and second-growth Big Woods remnants from the perspectives of vascular plant diversity and carbon storage in tree biomass. The threats to conservation of Big Woods plants posed by jumping worms (Amynthas spp) invasion was also assessed.

Six pairs of second-growth (stand age 80-110 years with history of clearcutting) and old-growth (stand age >120 years) forests were chosen for comparison of plant species richness, and aboveground carbon was estimated in four of the pairs. Plant diversity of three pairs of adjacent second-growth stands, with and without jumping worm infestations, was compared. However, note that all stands in the region are infested by European earthworms.

Second-growth and old-growth Big Woods forests have similar levels of plant diversity. Species richness was slightly higher in second-growth forest (7 species higher on an average hectare, 2.47-acre area) because some early-successional species are still present and second-growth forests have a few invasive species. Aboveground carbon estimates are also similar. Therefore, second-growth forests have made a good recovery towards old-growth conditions.

Jumping worm infestation significantly reduced plant diversity in two of the three paired stands, and jumping worms cause severe soil erosion on slopes, so that this invasion is a threat to Big Woods conservation. Overall, second-growth sugar maple forests are in good health and well on their way to full recovery to the same status as old growth, although all maple forests in southern Minnesota are threatened by the emerging jumping worm invasion.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Two papers for peer-reviewed journals will result: (1) Plant species richness in Minnesota Big Woods as influenced by old-growth vs second-growth status and jumping worm invasion; (2) Carbon storage in second-growth mesic maple-basswood forests recovers to old-growth levels within ca 100 years.

Media appearances: Popular Science, Minnesota Conservation Volunteer, Northern Gardener Magazine, MPLS Star Tribune (3 times), KSTP TV, National Wildlife, Wandering Naturalist (Three Rivers Parks Podcast).

Presentations: 8 garden clubs, 3 Master Gardener clubs, MN Landscape Arboretum, Minnesota Native Plant Society, Botanical Club of Wisconsin, Riley Creek Watershed District, Chequamegon NF, Eastern Old-Growth Conference (NH, 2023).

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

This project (1) provided knowledge on the impacts to Minnesota's wildlife treated in rehabilitation facilities relative to antimicrobial resistance and gut microbiome changes, (2) found no increased risk of antibiotic resistance during wildlife rehabilitation treatment and (3) documented a need for standardized guidelines for antimicrobial use in wildlife rehabilitation.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

While antimicrobials and probiotics are commonly used therapies in wildlife/raptor rehabilitation, there is little known about potential unintended consequences for raptor health or implications for natural ecosystems. There are also questions about the potential of selecting for antimicrobial resistant bacteria, introduction of these bacteria into the natural environment, as well as impacts for public health. Our goal was to better understand the impact of medical treatment of injured/ill raptors relative to their gut microbiome make-up and possible emergence/spread of antimicrobial resistance bacteria into the natural environment. To accomplish this, we looked at the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in raptors admitted for rehabilitation and medical treatment as well as compared gut microbiome analyses between free-living raptors briefly trapped for banding studies and raptors in captivity for rehabilitation and care.

Looking at red-tailed hawks and Northern saw-whet owls, we determined that the gut microbiome undergoes change during captivity and rehabilitation, although we were unable to determine if these changes impaired the birds’ health or made them less fit for survival. We did not identify any change in risk for antimicrobial resistance in birds assessed over time while in captivity for rehabilitation. In addition, we conducted a novel national survey collecting data on the current level of knowledge and use of antimicrobials and probiotics in wildlife rehabilitation; the results documented the wide spread use of these therapies (used in all facilities at varying levels) and that 78% of surveyed wildlife rehabilitation facilities surveyed thought there would be benefits in standardized guidelines for the use of these therapies in wildlife (currently there are no guidelines).

This information will help wildlife rehabilitators in Minnesota by supporting best practice guidelines for the use of these therapeutic practices in wildlife.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The results of our work have been published in the journal Plos One (see attachment) and presented as a poster and as a scientific presentation at conferences. We currently have another paper in preparation for publication. In addition, the results of this project are incorporated into the work done by the Partners for Wildlife program (UMN) does with Minnesota wildlife rehabilitators.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

A novel three-stage process improves phosphorus recovery and biogas production in wastewater treatment plants by integrating thermophilic acid digestion, phosphorus precipitation and recovery, and high-rate anaerobic digestion. This method enhances P recovery, improves bioenergy generation, and reduces operational costs, offering a more efficient alternative to conventional sludge treatment.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

We have developed a novel three-stage process to enhance phosphorus (P) recovery and biogas production in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), addressing the limitations of conventional methods. Traditional biological P removal and anaerobic digestion (AD) often interfere with each other, leading to issues like mineral precipitation, equipment clogging, and reduced dewatering efficiency, driving up operational costs. Our innovative method integrates thermophilic acid anaerobic digestion (TAAD), P mineralization and precipitation, and mesophilic high-rate anaerobic digestion (HRAD). In the first stage, TAAD operated at 55°C solubilized over 80% of the P in thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) within 2-5 days. The second stage involved P precipitation, recovering P as high-purity mineral precipitates like struvite and brushite, a biofertilizer, and thereby enhance the process's economic viability. Either CaCl2 or MgCl2 addition recovered over 90% of dissolved P in the effluent from first-stage TAAD, while the highest phosphorus removal (>97%) was achieved at a Mg:P molar ratio of 1.5:1. The third-stage mesophilic HRAD further converted the remaining organics in the P-stripped liquid effluent into biogas within 1-3 days, resulting in a steady sCOD removal of 88% and a specific biogas yield of 0.46 L/g-sCOD/d with a methane content of 62.8%. This integrated system, with a total hydraulic retention time of 3-8 days, outperforms conventional AD processes that typically require 20-30 days. It achieves efficient sludge treatment, significantly maximizes P recovery, and improves biogas production, all while reducing operational costs. By simplifying P recovery and minimizing the need for expensive separation equipment, this process makes P recovery more accessible to a broader range of WWTPs. In conclusion, this novel three-stage process not only enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of P recovery but also increases bioenergy generation, offering a cost-effective and sustainable solution for modern WWTP operations.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

We have disseminated the results of our project, from lab-scale fermentation experiments to the pilot-scale operation of our three-stage system, at various regional and national conferences. These include the annual meetings of the Central States Water Environment Association (CSWEA), the Society for Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (SIMB), and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE). Additionally, we presented our findings to our industrial collaborator, Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (MCES), which operates and maintains eight wastewater treatment plants in the Twin Cities area, including the Blue Lake Wastewater Treatment Plant, where we collected sludge samples for this project.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

We studied the longevity of viruses in wastewater and found that enveloped viruses were more rapidly degraded in wastewater than non-enveloped viruses. Degradation rates depended on virus sorption to biosolids. Sorption behavior varies as water chemistry changes during treatment. Some viruses might be released with water effluent to the environment.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

One critical role of wastewater treatment is to remove or neutralize infectious biological agents. Coliform bacteria and bacteriophages are commonly used as indicators for fecal contamination in the environment. However, the presence of coliform units may not reflect the distribution of infectious human enteric viruses in the environment. Some viruses are considered transmittable from wastewater and receiving surface waters (e.g. rotavirus) because they have low infectious doses and are sources of waterborne illness with outbreaks potentially occurring far from the source of contamination. The onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic renewed interest in understanding the fate of human enteric viruses in our sanitary infrastructure.

This project was designed to characterize the fate of viral particles during aerobic activated sludge treatment in wastewater treatment bioreactors. The molecular test developed, and the viral decay data generated enabled us to quantify viral decomposition and removal dynamics in the context of viral interactions with biosolids and other sorbent surfaces in complex biological matrixes.

Our results shed light on the different behavior and degradation rates of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses in activates sludge. We found that enveloped viruses were more rapidly degraded in wastewater, however they were present long enough to be of concern for wastewater treatment facilities, stormwater overflow events, and wastewater intrusion in drinking water. Outcomes from this project might become particularly relevant during potential future avian influenza or corona virus outbreaks in humans, because some strains of these viruses are excreted in feces. The project also shed light onto how viral particles are protected from degradation when they aggregate in bacterial biofilms and how this process impacts the removal of viruses during water and wastewater treatment. We found that viral particle surface attachment and aggregation is controlled by solution pH and therefore varies during different stages of wastewater treatment.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The outcomes of this project are summarized in the PhD Thesis of an Environmental Engineering graduate student from the University of Minnesota. The thesis is available through University Libraries. Results will also be available soon as research article in a scientific journal on water treatment and human health.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

By comparing traditional secondary treatment of municipal wastewater with membrane bioreactor treatment, we have determined that both are excellent options for reducing the overall contaminant load of wastewater. Membrane bioreactor treatment has the added benefit of requiring a smaller physical footprint while reducing microbial loads in the final discharged effluent.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Treated municipal wastewater effluent is an important pathway for contaminants to enter aquatic ecosystems. As the US aging wastewater infrastructure requires upgrades or replacement, assessing new treatment technologies, such as membrane bioreactors, in the context of adverse contaminant effects may provide additional support for science-based resource management. Membrane bioreactors require a smaller physical footprint than traditional secondary treatment and may eliminate the need for follow-up disinfection of effluents, thus reducing the addition of disinfectant chemicals and potentially harmful disinfection byproducts in the discharged final effluent. In 2022, we used three lines of evidence, analytical chemistry, fish exposure experiments, and microbiome analysis, to assess the effectiveness of membrane bioreactor treatment to replace traditional secondary activated sludge treatment. We analyzed treated wastewater samples from a Minnesota Wastewater Treatment Plant with a split treatment stream (approximately half the primary effluent is treated with activated sludge, the rest with membrane bioreactor filtration) taken across nine months for alkylphenolic surfactants (known endocrine disruptors), bisphenol analogues (including BPA, a likely endocrine disruptor), hormones, pharmaceuticals, pesticides; heterotrophic bacteria counts; and respective effluent microbiome. We also exposed fish twice for three weeks each in an onsite controlled laboratory environment. We found that except for pesticides, total sample concentrations of contaminant classes were lower in traditional secondary treated wastewater or membrane bioreactor treated wastewater, but similar between the two secondary treatment methods. These reductions were consistent across the duration of the study. Fish remained healthy in both secondary treatment waters with few signs of stress. Bacterial diversity and bacterial loads were reduced by both secondary treatments but to a greater degree by the membrane bioreactor. Results from our study indicate that membrane bioreactor treatment is as effective as activated sludge treatment at producing high-quality effluent and offers a viable alternative to conventional secondary treatment methods.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

This project produced a range of information that has been disseminated through several meeting presentations (for example MN Water Resources Conference), a St. Cloud State University Master's Thesis, USGS data reports, and two peer-reviewed manuscripts (Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry; Environmental Research) that are currently in final revision and should be accepted for publication shortly. All dissemination products have referenced support from the MN Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund and will be shared upon publication.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

This research project investigated the chemical and microbiological water quality of private wells throughout the State of Minnesota. Although many wells showed indications of anthropogenic contamination, very few wells had detectable levels of microorganisms or chemicals that were directly of concern.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

This project investigated the chemical and microbiological quality of private wells serving Minnesotans. As such, we collected 85 private well water samples for microbiological analyses as well as 49 samples for chemical analyses.

Approximately 30% of private well water samples tested positive for total coliforms, an indicator of fecal contamination. In contrast, genetic testing revealed very few positive detections that were directly connected to a microbial pathogen of concern. Specifically, no well water samples tested positive for either SARS-CoV-II (the virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic) or Cryptosporidium parvum. This latter result represented a significant difference between our study and a recent study by the Minnesota Department of Health of wells serving public water systems, in which Cryptosporidium was commonly detected. Further research suggested that the assay used in the MDH study was likely to produce false-positive results.

We also developed sensitive methods to detect 13 organic compounds and 22 inorganic ions that could be indicators of contamination. We used the molar ratio of chloride to bromide to identify 10 sites with potential sewage contamination, although these results did not correlate well with the presence of total coliforms. Nitrate levels greater than 1 part per million were found at 7 sites, suggesting human influence on the groundwater. Furthermore, we found 9 sites with the molar ratio of sodium to potassium below 2, indicating pollution by agricultural runoff; and 10 sites had a molar ratio above 5, indicating pollution by sewage. Here again, these potentially impacted groundwater samples did not have high levels of total coliforms.

Finally, we demonstrated that the point-of-use filters from Aquamedix were able to reduce the total number of bacteria in private well water. This technology offered a potentially viable alternative for private well owners who are concerned about the microbiological quality of their water.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

We presented preliminary results of our work at the 2023 meeting of the Minnesota section of the American Water Works Association and at a monthly meeting of a City Council who was interested in our research. Although this project is now complete, we will continue to disseminate our research results via the publication of peer-reviewed manuscripts and an additional presentation at the 2025 meeting of the Minnesota section of the American Water Works Association (at no cost to LCCMR). We have also scheduled an additional presentation at a City Council meeting in April 2025.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Through groundwater study and modeling, our project provided vital information necessary to help understand and mitigate the effects of anticipated water level rise of the St. James Pit on water quality and quantity, as well as on aquatic ecosystems and human infrastructure in the vicinity of the pit.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

The goal of this study was to determine how the cessation of pumping water from the St. James Pit will impact water quality and quantity in the pit and related impacts to groundwater flow, pit stability, and human infrastructure. To determine water quality and quantity impacts, we installed wells to collect groundwater elevation data that aided in the modeling of future water levels. Additionally, we assessed the risk to pit stability and human infrastructure by constructing models using sensor and monitoring data.

Preliminary findings from the modeling shows that, after the City of Aurora stops pumping water from the St. James Pit, water levels are likely to stabilize at 13 feet below the rim of the pit within 20-25 years. Pit stabilization modeling used two points for data collection: one at its weakest point and one near infrastructure. Results show moderate risk of stabilization failure but not imminent failure. Future modeling will be done after pumping cessation to more accurately investigate these projected numbers.

This project will provide the City of Aurora and surrounding communities with important information about the impacts of stopping pumping in the St. James Pit. We can better understand how the water quality is expected to change, which may influence human and aquatic health, as well as how contaminants might flow out of the pit into the surrounding ground and surface waters. Lastly, understanding the hydrological changes to the pit will allow civic and community leaders to prepare for threats to the stability of the pit itself, and other human infrastructure (like basements in homes).

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The final report documenting the results of the modeling and analysis were submitted to the DNR. Additionally, these study results will be shared with the East Range Joint Powers Board, the Department of Iron Range Resources, and other stakeholders. This information will be useful not just for residents in the community but also future businesses as well. With the creation of Auroras Industrial Park in 2024 prospective companies are inquiring about the water model and if their business would be viable using pit water as well.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Kernza can improve agricultural sustainability by reducing nitrate leaching into groundwater - similar to levels achieved by a native prairie - while generating nutritious grain. Monitoring Kernza fields over multiple years, provided valuable insights into the crop's long-term impact on water quality and its potential to contribute to sustainable agriculture.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Nitrate pollution from agriculture is a significant environmental and human health concern in Minnesota. This project aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Kernza, a perennial grain crop, in mitigating nitrate leaching and providing other ecosystem benefits. By monitoring Kernza fields over multiple years, we assessed the crop's long-term impact on water quality, soil health, and agricultural profitability. Our findings indicate that Kernza can significantly reduce nitrate leaching compared to traditional annual crops. Additionally, Kernza has shown promise in improving soil health, promoting biodiversity, and sequestering carbon. These results highlight the potential of Kernza to play a crucial role in sustainable agriculture and environmental protection in Minnesota. One of the key challenges in promoting the adoption of Kernza is the development of profitable markets for the grain. This project has focused on developing sustainable supply chains and identifying potential markets for Kernza-based products. By working with farmers, processors, and retailers, we have made progress in creating a viable market for Kernza, which can incentivize its adoption and contribute to the long-term sustainability of agriculture in Minnesota.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The results of this project have been disseminated through a variety of channels, including peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, and in-person outreach events. We have also collaborated with local and state agencies to inform policy decisions and promote the adoption of Kernza. By sharing our findings with a broad audience, we hope to raise awareness of the potential benefits of Kernza and encourage its adoption as a sustainable agricultural practice.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

We tracked and quantified antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through the municipal wastewater treatment process at full-scale treatment facilities. This analysis was conducted at multiple time points, generating a comprehensive picture of the dynamic changes in abundance and diversity of ARGs for assessment of the potential for their environmental spread.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) represent an increasingly prevalent health threat. Taking a One Health approach, it is necessary to understand the factors that facilitate the spread and the destruction of ARB in human, animal, and environmental settings as they all impact each other. In this study, we focused on the bacteria associated with the municipal wastewater treatment process. ARB are among the many contaminants in wastewater as it arrives at facilities for treatment. We studied the bacteria within wastewater and the resulting biosolids, as it moved through the treatment process, focusing on the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) they harbor. Our main question was whether the ARB were eliminated during the treatment process, or if they thrived and spread ARGs to neighboring bacteria, thus creating superbugs. We analyzed ARGs from millions of DNA sequences, derived from thousands of bacteria. We found ARGs generally decreased in abundance and diversity as the wastewater traversed the treatment process (moving from raw influent to aerobic bioreactor to anaerobic digester), regardless of the treatment technology employed. This shift in abundance was clearly seen as many bacteria related to potential pathogens in the influent were reduced to undetectable levels during the treatment process. As expected, incineration reduced ARGs to undetectable levels in the resulting ash samples. Fortunately, our analyses did not detect any evidence of dissemination of ARGs among bacteria that led to the creation of superbugs. However, we detected spread of other DNA sequences that were unrelated to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, although we didn’t see ARGs spread, the threat for their future dissemination is possible. Future research will focus on characterizing the DNA molecules that are spreading among bacteria to more fully understand the factors leading to their dissemination, facilitating the assessment of the threats of spread of ARGs in Minnesota’s municipal wastewater systems.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The dissemination efforts include three main activities. First, the findings have been presented at multiple scientific conferences for experts in the field to engage research. Second, the study has been submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The manuscript is in the final stages of the review process. Once published, the paper will be offered as open-access, so readers will not need to pay for access to the journal. Finally, the data generated in this study has been made publicly available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s database that is freely accessible to anyone looking to analyze the data.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Pollinators in the Science Classroom trained 59 Minnesota grade 6-12 science/agriculture teachers to increase their knowledge of pollinator biology, diversity, habitat, and conservation by sharing expert-guided information and action steps. Collectively, teachers self-reported using pollinator curriculum resources and Pollinator Toolkits with over 6,300 students in 18 counties.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Pollinators in the Science Classroom (PSC) increased knowledge of action steps to conserve pollinators by training 59 Minnesota science/agriculture teachers of grades 6-12 in pollinator education methods. Collectively, teachers self-reported using PSC curriculum and Pollinator Education Toolkit with over 6,500 students in 18 Minnesota counties, and that they will continue to use these methods to disseminate information to future students. Participants learned about Minnesota pollinator biology, diversity, habitat, and conservation from experts from the University of Minnesota and Monarch Joint Venture, gathered data for projects including The Great Sunflower Project, iNaturalist, and the Monarch Larva Monitoring Project, and conducted their own pollinator research to prepare them to lead students in outdoor ecological investigations. Teachers received a Toolkit and curriculum resources as well as training to utilize them as they share pollinator biology and conservation content with their students. We provided support and resources throughout the school year to mobilize teachers to engage their students. Teachers created or improved over 6,000 square feet of pollinator habitat at their schools so students can support and investigate pollinating insects. PSC was highly successful, based on teachers’ feedback, gains in knowledge and confidence, and numbers of students impacted, among other metrics. The accomplished goals of PSC benefit Minnesotans by increasing knowledge of pollinator conservation steps throughout Minnesota. When followed, these action steps will result in increases in pollinator habitat and pollinator populations, and increases in pollination services and other vital ecological services.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

During the Pollinators in the Science Classroom (PSC) workshop leaders and participants developed resources to support educators to teach about pollinator biology and conservation. Many of these resources have been compiled and are available on the Pollinator Classroom Resources page on the UMN Bee Lab website. We also expanded the Pollinator Education Toolkits to include a trivia game card set and a bee trading card set. Teachers who participated in the program continue to disseminate information to their students and colleagues through the classroom activities they developed during the program and the materials we provided them with.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The Minnesota Freshwater Quest engaged more than 15,000 Minnesota youth through in-person and virtual environmental education, meeting a critical need for interactive online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout the state students explored public lands and waterways, and learned to preserve ecosystems close to where they call home.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Since the start of the project in November 2022 through its completion in June 2024, Wilderness Inquiry’s Minnesota Freshwater Quest connected 15,432 Minnesota youth to place-based, STEM environmental education and created opportunities for students to explore and preserve local ecosystems and waterways through online and in-person programming.

The 15,432 Minnesota youth who participated in the Freshwater Quest project engaged with learning material in a variety of ways including in-person daylong paddling events, remote learning modules, and overnight camping adventures in Minnesota’s state parks and federal lands such as the Superior National Forest and Voyageurs National Park. There were 3,217 who engaged in virtual programming in their classrooms; these students learned about the Mississippi River watershed and ecosystem led by Wilderness Inquiry Outdoor Educators and National Park Service Rangers. Classrooms received a package of learning materials so students could follow along during the lesson and continue with a stewardship project focused on a threatened riparian plant or animal species. 11,965 Minnesota youth engaged in hands-on exploration, recreation, and assessment of waterways and public lands throughout the state collecting water quality data to be distributed through citizen science platform, Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE). 250 Minnesota youth joined Wilderness Inquiry on overnight camping adventures to deepen their connection to the outdoors, acquire new skills, and discover pathways into outdoor-related employment.

Freshwater Quest programming aligns with Minnesota’s science curriculum standards and Wilderness Inquiry engaged with 192 teachers through professional development. The training focused on using outdoor, place-based learning techniques to enrich classroom content and create opportunities to help students to connect with educational material.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

While participating in Freshwater Quest activities, students collected water quality data and this data was reported back and disseminated through the citizen science online platform, GLOBE.

Wilderness Inquiry worked with Wilder Foundation and HelloInsight to evaluate the project and produce reports which were shared directly with partners and stakeholders, presented at conferences, and can be found on the Wilderness Inquiry website here and included in the final report attachments: https://www.wildernessinquiry.org/uwca-evaluations/

Many local media outlets covered Freshwater Quest throughout the state and shared Wilderness Inquiry social media postings. These articles are linked in the final report attachments.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Nature for New Minnesotans collaborated with seven English Learning Centers in the Twin Cities to help them teach their students both English and the natural history of Minnesota. To date, over 360 residents have learned more about where they live and how to talk about it.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Nature for New Minnesotans used learning about the natural history of Minnesota to foster a sense of place in adult English Language (EL) learners while building academic their English language knowledge. The project connect the fields of English language learning and informal environmental education and directly addresses constraints of access that immigrant communities face in natural spaces.

To date, seven English Learning Centers have collaborated with Nature for New Minnesotans to teach 360 English language learners about their new home and to improve their skills in speaking English. As one participant remarked, “I have been learning English for seven years now, and no one has ever taught me about my new home.”

One unique feature of the program is that the English language learners finish their natural history/English lessons by visiting a nearby natural area accompanied by a professional interpretive naturalist from one of the many environmental education sites in the metro area. To date, English language learners have visited the students have fished at Como and Thompson Lake, visited the Bell Museum, foraged for plants at Theodore Wirth Park and Crosby Farms, and hiked at the Belwin Nature Conservancy. Some even took a camping trip to Itasca State Park.

We are currently pairing with the Bell Museum of Natural History to establish this program for the long-term. We hope to expand it to more sites in the state with high concentrations of immigrants.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The project itself is dissemination. It teaches new residents of Minnesota about the natural aspects of their new home.

We have been featured in the Sahan Journal, Minnesota Public Radio, and ATLAS, which is the official organization of English language instructors in Minnesota.

We have hosted two workshops for both English Language Instructors and professional interpretive naturalists so that the two groups could learn from one another as well as unite to better introduce immigrants to their new state and its abundant natural areas.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The future of Minnesota’s water, land, and wildlife depends on today’s efforts to engage our communities and youth in conservation. Voyageurs Conservancy programs inspired 6,600 students with hands-on environmental education, connected 4,800 community members to nature through immersive programming, and launched 22 young professionals into conservation careers.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Inspiration begins with access. Over three years, Voyageurs Conservancy tackled a pressing need: connecting diverse communities and students to Minnesota’s landscapes. By expanding access to experiential learning, conservation careers, and community engagement, this project fostered deep connections to the outdoors and environmental stewardship.

The Voyageurs Classroom Initiative surpassed its goal of 5,000 students, engaging over 6,600 K-12 students with standards-aligned education programs that interconnect science, nature, and history. Students embarked on field trips and place-based activities, immersing them in the region’s ecosystems. Our mobile classroom and innovative virtual programs brought Minnesota’s rich natural heritage to schools statewide, including underserved areas in Duluth and rural communities lacking access to nature-based education.

The Teen Ambassador Program fostered new relationships with Indigenous communities to connect teens with their ancestral lands. Fall programming empowered local teens to explore Rainy Lake through science and leadership activities, strengthening their ties to the wonders in their own backyard. Our Field Fellows program provided transformative experiences for 22 college-aged professionals, offering field experience in wildlife research, wetland restoration, fisheries, and more. Fellows advanced conservation efforts in Voyageurs National Park while gaining invaluable career experience.

Through the Love Your Park initiative, over 4,800 Minnesotans of all ages experienced community-based programs around Voyageurs National Park, Duluth, and the Twin Cities. This included popular dark sky events, collaborations with artists and astronomers, and hands-on citizen science projects that inspired stewardship.

A major project achievement included building a network of strategic partnerships across Minnesota to amplify our impact, working alongside organizations including Mississippi Park Connection, Friends of the Boundary Waters, Bell Museum, Voyageurs Wolf Project, Bois Forte Band of Chippewa, Minnesota DNR, and Wilderness Inquiry.

These initiatives expanded our reach to diverse communities and youth across Minnesota, ensuring the continued protection and enhancement of the state’s natural heritage.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Our work was sustained through a robust evaluation process, incorporating teacher feedback, stakeholder interviews, and ongoing program assessments. The dissemination of our programs was bolstered by strong outreach through social media, news outlets, and digital platforms, ensuring our story and mission reached a broad audience statewide. Please reference the Dissemination Update August 2024, as well as the Voyageurs Classroom Programs Handout and Updated Voyageurs Classroom 1-Page Visual Aug 2024 in the Attachments for examples and more information.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

We have successfully restored over 18 acres of wetlands, prairie and woodlands in Afton, MN while reconnecting over 1000 Indigenous students and families to traditional lifeways. Collaboratively, our multi-generational restoration approach has set the foundation for the next generation of Indigenous leaders in land stewardship with specific cultural focus.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

While Belwin has an abundance of land, many urban Indigenous communities have lost access to wild spaces to conduct traditional cultural activities. This project aims to reconnect Indigenous students and families from Anishinabe Academy (Minneapolis, MN) to culture, language and the land through collaborative restoration of woodlands, wetlands and prairie.

Over the past three years, the site has hosted over 1000 visits for field trips and community events based in Dakota and Ojibwe culture. Programming blossomed to include all K-5 students, in addition to summer programming. As more families experience the site firsthand, the more inquiries we’ve received from other Indigenous-led organizations based throughout the metro to participate. This has positioned us well for phase 2 of this project to begin including 6-12 grade students and to continue collaborating with organizations like Dream of Wild Health and Dakhóta iápi Okhódakičhiye (DIO) in land-based experiences.

Additionally, over 18 acres of wetlands, woodlands and prairie were restored through the removal of woody invasives and implementation of native species. Over 2200 bare root shrubs were planted in the wetlands, and over 600 plugs planted in the prairie, in addition to the planting of culturally significant species, such as sage, sweetgrass, white cedar, chokecherries, and plum trees. Students and families took part in each stage of the restoration from buckthorn removal to transplanting sweetgrass from their urban school gardens to the Afton site.

These restoration efforts ensure the vitality of the wetlands surrounding Valley Creek, a protected DNR trout stream; replenish the soil for future growth; and offer a space for Indigenous students and families to reconnect to ancestral ways of knowing rooted in the land. This project is essential to creating pathways for Indigenous students to step into future land stewardship leadership roles as we face an ever-changing climate.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Partnership staff presented annually at education conferences, such as Minnesota Indigenous Educators Association Conference (MIEA) and the Understand Native Conferences, as well as shared findings with local environmental groups. Belwin communications staff shared program updates through blogs, newsletter articles, and social media posts (uploaded as attachments) and Anishinabe Academy school staff shared updates with families through school-wide texts, social media posts and posters. A new curriculum will be completed by Spring 2025. A sign attributing project funding to the ENRTF resides on the front gate of the site (picture uploaded).

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The Raptor Center's “Expanding Access to Environmental Education for Underserved Communities” project expanded environmental literacy by delivering 303 programs to underserved schools, engaging 16,317 students with raptor-focused curricula. Through these efforts, we raised public awareness, fostering a greater understanding and appreciation for Minnesota's natural resources and wildlife conservation.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

With environmental issues being among the most pressing challenges that society will face in the coming decades, there is a critical need to expand environmental and scientific literacy in the next generation. The fates of our natural world lie in the hands of an informed public. While Minnesota has state standards for environmental education, not all students and teachers have equal access to effective tools for meeting these standards.

The Raptor Center's (TRC) project aimed to tackle the challenge of limited environmental education access in underserved communities across Minnesota. By integrating live raptors, environmental artifacts, and STEM-based curricula, we sought to inspire and educate students while fostering a deeper connection to nature. Through partnerships with 201 urban and 102 rural classrooms, we successfully delivered 303 programs, engaging approximately 16,317 students from kindergarten to twelfth grade. The primary goal of these presentations was to spark students’ interest and passion in both raptors and the natural world.

We partnered with University of Minnesota Evaluation Studies PhD students and a Hamline University graduate student to develop an evaluation of The Raptor Center’s classroom presentations. Fifty-three teacher surveys, 13 observations of classroom presentations, and one group interview with TRC staff took place to document the extent to which TRC program goals were achieved. Key outcomes include positive feelings about nature and greater empathy for the environment, evident in the high satisfaction reported in teacher evaluations. Additionally, the project facilitated a greater understanding of environmental issues, particularly focusing on the connection to raptors in Minnesota.

Overall, the project's success underscores the importance of efforts in expanding environmental education and conservation messaging in Minnesota. By empowering students with knowledge and fostering a sense of responsibility towards the natural world, the project lays the groundwork for future environmental stewardship.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Dissemination efforts included school outreach, print materials (e.g. Raptor Release), conferences, and social media, spreading awareness and sharing stories about The Raptor Center's environmental education project. All efforts acknowledged the Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund through appropriate logo usage and attribution. Additionally, a final set of activity sheets (attached) was given to participating classrooms, providing valuable resources for educators interested in promoting environmental literacy and conservation efforts.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Starry stoneworts allocate the majority of its energy to bulbils. Bulbils are easy to transport and can be long-lived in the sediment allowing for the spread and proliferation of this species in MN lakes. Management efforts need interrupt carbohydrate movement and to limit starch accumulation in bulbils.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Starry stonewort (Nitellopsis obtusa) (Desvaux in Loiseleur) J. Groves is an invasive macro alga that can take over entire water columns and outcompete native species. Previous research has quantified seasonal life history and phenology, but there is no research quantifying carbohydrate allocation. The current study utilized samples harvested from Lake Koronis, Minnesota, USA from 2020 and 2021 to quantify starch allocation patterns in starry stonewort. Starch was quantified using the amylase/amyloglucosidase method. Starch data were compared to light transmittance (%), pH, and water temperature (°C) via mixed procedures models in SAS. Seasonal average low and high points of starch storage were observed to be June (3.3%) and April (9.9%) for thalli biomass then June (41.7%) and November (54.6%) for bulbils. In regard to allocation patterns, above ground thalli reallocatecarbohydrate stores to the below ground rhizoids in May. Carbohydrates are then transported to bulbils from July through September as rhizoid starch decreases and the bulbil starch increases. Ultimately, the carbohydrates are converted to starch and stored in bulbils (21.0–73.7%). In its invaded range, bulbils are important for energy store, vegetative reproduction and spread, as well as temporal distribution. These bulbils spread easily, spread rapidly, can store a lot of energy (73% starch), and are a major concern for the invasion of starry stonewort. Water temperature and light availability were shown to negatively influence starch content of thalli. These findings suggest that in the invaded range, starry stonewort is capable of accumulating large amounts of starch later into the growing season. The energy reserves may give starry stonewort a competitive advantage over native species by allowing a longer growing season resulting in the production of more vegetative propagules and greater longevity in the environments it invades.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Results from this project were presented at the Aquatic Plant Management Society annual conference in 2022 and 2023 (presentations attached). Additional presentations were given at Minnesota State University, Mankato and statewide DNR meetings. Results from this study were published in the Journal of Freshwater Ecology. The article was attached in tab 7.

Alyssa M. Haram & Ryan M. Wersal (2023) Seasonal starch allocation of starry stonewort (Nitellopsis obtusa) growing in Lake Koronis, MN, Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 38:1, 2211086, DOI: 10.1080/02705060.2023.2211086

To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2023.2211086

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Morrison SWCD partnered with DNR Forest Health Specialists and local DNR Foresters to suppress oak wilt at 37 sites and 50 pockets within Morrison County through mechanical means. These sites are the northern-most occurrences of oak wilt in the state through on the edge of healthy state forest habitats.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Morrison SWCD partnered with DNR Forest Health Specialists and local DNR Foresters to suppress oak wilt at 37 sites within Morrison County. Control work was done by an experienced contractor using successful vibratory plow and tree destruction methods. Morrison County is at the leading edge of the known disease range in Minnesota. While the project was focused on private lands, the public good comes from controlling the spread to public forests of the state, and the continued habitat for turkey, grouse, deer and other wildlife.

The DNR Forest Health Specialist made numerous trips to the area to help train local resource professional staff on identification of oak wilt and confirm new spots and local DNR Foresters painted wilting trees throughout the season. Morrison SWCD and DNR worked to prioritize work zones based on the proximity of the site to northern public forests. Highest priority sites were largely rural with large intact forests and lower priority sites in the epicenter of infection were found near Little Falls, Minnesota in an actively developing residential area.

Landowners were approached by the SWCD to gain interest in oak wilt suppression activities on their properties. These property owners signed a “Landowner Agreement” which outlined program requirements, landowner and contractor responsibilities and timelines for treatment. Almost all of the sites outside of the epicenter area had participating landowners who worked with our office, the DNR and the contractor to stop the spread. Treatment mainly occurred in Morrison County but sites within Crow Wing, Cass and Benton Counties were also treated. Overall, since our first oak wilt grant we have controlled the spread at 67 pockets. The DNR estimates we have saved over 1 million oak trees on over 9,000 acres of forest.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Morrison SWCD and Crow Wing SWCD provided outreach to the surrounding communities through press releases, radio shows and feature articles and coordinates with DNR on these publications. Information packets and handouts describing disease information was available to interested landowners at the SWCD offices. Generic oak wilt information as well as grant details were updated and made available on the University of Minnesota Extension, DNR Forest Health and Morrison SWCD websites. The Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund is acknowledged on final documentations and the use of the trust fund logo or attribution language was used in public outreach campaigns.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The outcome of this project is to reduce insecticides used to manage Japanese beetle (JB) that also kill pollinators. In Northeastern states Japanese beetles are managed by the native soil-inhabiting pathogen called Ovavesicula. Surveys were performed to determine pathogen distribution and ways to distribute the pathogen to new sites.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Research wanted to identify ways to reduce Japanese beetle populations. In Northeastern states, Japanese beetle population decline was correlated to infection by the native soil-inhabiting microsporidian Ovavesicula fungus. Managing Japanese beetle is important, as the beetles eat leaves and kill trees and crops. In addition, Japanese beetles reduces fruit yield that sustains humans, birds, and other wildlife.

Biocontrol is a sustainable pest management tactic that uses good bugs and host specific pathogens, like Ovavesicula, to kill pest insects and reduces insecticide use thereby protecting pollinators. Japanese beetles do not have many beneficial insects that kill them, so we investigated a native soil pathogen that spreads slowly. The Fish and Wildlife Service identify insecticides as a major contributor to bee and butterfly decline.

Before this research started, it was not know if this native pathogen was fond in Minnesota. Now we know that it is. Surveys of 44 sites in 2022 and 34 sites in 2023 revealed by qPCR analysis and spore counting that the pathogen is found mostly at 11 sites in Stillwater.

But why are spores found in some sites and not others? Soil heath (pH, N, P, K, soil type, and fungal biomass) was correlated to spore numbers, so we could understand why spores were more common in some soils than others. This will help understand where to release pathogens for establishment.

Research was performed to increase pathogen spread, which showed that Japanese beetle traps containing spore covered leaves, resulted in spores inside the adults. The adults are released from the traps and carry the spores to sites where they will lay eggs. Previously, spores were poured on the soil which was not efficient.

The pathogen will reduce Japanese beetle numbers, reduce insecticide use, and result in less non-target insecticide effects on good bugs, thereby increasing ecosystem health.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The research and outreach program focused on reducing insecticide use and increasing soil pathogens that kill JB, thereby conserving pollinators. The outreach programs included a table at the Minneapolis Park and Rec Board Monarch Festival for 2 years, and online website on JB management, an online educational program with site visits, and an online Advisory Committee meeting for stakeholders and state agencies, which met online 3 times. Outreach included 8 articles for the nursery industry, golf course, and Master Gardener newsletters, websites, 36 talks, 3 peer-review papers, 3 UMN UROP fellowships, and a Post Doc that received a UAL professorship.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

This study used fish tracking to show that invasive carp typically pass Lock and Dam 5 via its lock and an engineering evaluation to demonstrate that a lock deterrent could be installed. Learning of this work, the legislature funded a carp lock deterrent to protect the river and its fisheries.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

In the late 1960s several species of invasive carp were imported from China to Arkansas which soon escaped into the Mississippi River. One of the most notable of these is the Silver Carp, Hypopthalmichthys molotrix (“Invasive carp”), a fish that feeds voraciously on plankton (i.e. the base of the food chain), thereby causing the collapse of native fisheries. The Silver Carp is also notable because it can jump to great heights, endangering boaters. Unfortunately, it has done well in the Mississippi River, where is presently reproducing and migrating north causing enormous damage to river fisheries. By 2020, Silver Carp were turning up in the waters of southern Minnesota. This study, which built upon previously funded LCCMR work, examined the possibility that the Silver Carp invasion might be substantially delayed at Lock and Dam 5 (LD5; Minnesota City). This particular location was of special interest both because: 1) it is at the leading edge of the Silver Carp invasion; 2) unlike most LDs, LD5’s spillway gates typically open less than a few days a year suggesting its spillway dam might not allow carp to pass through it and forcing all carp through its lock; and 3) its lock appeared amenable to a deterrent system. To address these issues this study: 1) tracked nearly 200 carp and other fishes below LD5 to document whether and how carp might pass this structure, and 2) worked with an engineering company to determine if an effective Carp deterrent known as a bioacoustic fish fence (BAFF) might be placed into its lock. We found no evidence that any fish could pass LD5’s dam in any of our study summers (discharges < 100,000cfs) and that a BAFF could indeed be installed in LD5’s lock for about $11 million. These results were summarized in reports.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Our work was summarized by three articles in the Minneapolis StarTribune and the Outdoor News. It was also reported on the radio (NPR) as well as TV (KSTP). Finally, we made several presentations on our findings to the MN legislature as well as the annual meeting of the MN American Fisheries Society. A technical report on the BAFF was completed by Barr Engineering Co. and shared with numerous agencies. Finally, an article on how fish pass LD5’s lock is now being written for the North American Journal of Fisheries Management, a scientific peer-reviewed journal.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The Stop Starry project helps prevent the spread of Aquatic Invasive Species through a containment strategy, by deploying CD3 waterless boat cleaning stations, at accesses infested with starry stonewort. The equipment will last for many years, as will the civic groups established to promote Best Practices.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Michigan discovered starry stonewort in 2005 and took no direct action to contain it. Today over 1,000 Michigan lakes are infested. Minnesota discovered starry stonewort in 2015 in Lake Koronis. Sixteen lakes (31 public accesses) were infested by 2021. Each is a vector of spread.

Starry stonewort is perhaps the most concerning AIS in Minnesota. It is expensive to manage and is very resilient.. But there is still time to contain it and prevent spread and save millions in ongoing management costs. Lake Koronis now spends over $200,000 annually on starry stonewort mitigation to keep the public access usable. The Best Management Practice, BMP, is to completely clean, drain and dry all watercraft and water-related equipment when leaving a water body. Surveys consistently find lack of tools to be a major obstacle to BMP practice. ENRTF dollars were used to install waterless watercraft cleaning stations with wet/dry vacs, high pressure air, scrubbers, grabbing tools, undercarriage and overhead lights, and drain plug wrenches. The units can be internet-enabled to send detailed use data and alerts to managers.

From July 2021 to July 2024 the Stop Starry Program deployed 27 CD3 boat cleaning stations at accesses infested with Starry Stonewort:
In 2021 three deployed units recorded 28 sessions.
In 2022 twenty two units recorded 10,517 sessions,
In 2023 twenty six stations recorded 12,227 sessions,
By July 31st, 2024, twenty seven stations recorded 14,394 sessions.

We organized monthly meetings to discuss community engagement strategies, control efforts and effects, prioritization schemes, and research ideas.

The Civic groups developed innovative treatment and prevention strategies in support of this program, including the installation of tool stations consisting of an educational sign and set of AIS removal tools to 39 lakes. In 2024 partners installed and additional 100 tool stations.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Minnesota Lakes and Rivers Advocates built a website (https://mnlakesandrivers.org/stopstarry/) to disseminate directions on how to use a CD3 station, identify starry stonewort, a downloadable Stop Starry factsheet partners can use for meetings and events, an interactive map of the location of the CD3 stations, a free Check-in-Check Out tool, a New Infestation Response Plan tool to help managers plan ahead for an infestation, link to the MAISRC AIS Explorer tool to help target prevention resources, links to webinars and research on Starry Stonewort prevention and management along with other AIS.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Agrivoltaics research at WCROC improved Minnesota’s natural resources by integrating solar energy with livestock farming, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing land use efficiency, and improving cattle welfare. This project demonstrated sustainable forage growth under solar panels and educated farmers statewide, advancing environmental conservation and farm resiliency.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

The University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center (WCROC) launched the Agrivoltaics Project to address the growing need for sustainable energy solutions that do not compete with agricultural production. Traditionally, solar farms take up valuable farmland, creating a conflict between renewable energy development and food production. This project explored how solar panels and livestock farming can coexist, providing benefits to both energy production and agriculture. The project designed and tested innovative solar systems that provide shade and shelter for dairy cattle during the summer and act as windbreaks in the winter. Additionally, researchers studied how different forage crops grow under solar panels, combining renewable energy production with livestock feed growth. A portable solar shade power station, powered by solar panels and an electric tractor, was developed and deployed to support cattle welfare and farm energy needs. The primary outcomes and accomplishments were: 1) Successfully grew perennial forages under solar panels, with grass and legume combinations yielding the highest quality feed, 2) Increased forage biomass at 30kW solar sites (8,730 kg/ha) compared to control sites (8,256 kg/ha), 3) Reduced forage production at 50kW fully shaded sites (4,241 kg/ha), highlighting optimal solar design for balance between shade and forage growth, 4) Demonstrated that solar arrays improved cattle welfare by providing shade in summer and wind protection in winter, reducing heat stress and exposure to cold, 5) Showcased the solar shade system and electric tractor to over 2,500 farmers, industry representatives, and policymakers at events such as FarmFest and the Midwest Farm Energy Conference, and 6) Disseminated research findings through presentations at national and international conferences (see Attachments), reaching global audiences and policymakers.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The Agrivoltaics Project's findings were shared widely through workshops, conferences, and public demonstrations. Over 2,500 farmers, industry professionals, and policymakers engaged with the project at events like FarmFest and the Midwest Farm Energy Conference. Presentations at national and international conferences expanded outreach globally. Educational materials, research reports, and best practices were made available through WCROC's website and University of Minnesota Extension. These resources provide practical guidance for integrating solar energy and agriculture. See Attachments for Research Reports and Publications, Photos of Solar Shade Power Station and Electric Tractor, Conference Presentations and Outreach Materials.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Our project tested noise-based deterrence signals aimed to reduce bald eagle fatalities at wind farms. During tethered flight trials, we found that bald eagles did not respond to the noise signals, suggesting that alternative methods may be needed to protect these birds from wind turbine collisions.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

As wind energy expands globally, bird collisions with turbine blades have become an increasing concern. This project aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acoustic deterrents in reducing bald eagle collisions, contributing to wildlife conservation and compliance with the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act.

The first phase of the project tested eight bald eagles’ behavioral responses to different sound stimuli. Natural (i.e. eagle scream) and synthetic (i.e. sirens) were among the signal types tested. Natural, broadband signals elicited the strongest reactions, while habituation to the sounds was minimal.

In the second phase, 16 bald eagles completed over 130 tethered flight tests to assess whether deterrent sounds altered their flight paths. Results showed no significant changes - eagles frequently flew directly toward the speaker playing the deterrent sounds, indicating the tested acoustic deterrent was ineffective.

Key Outcomes:

• Wildlife Conservation: Results provide critical data on bald eagle responses to acoustic deterrents.
• Research Findings: Natural, broadband sounds triggered the most responses, but did not significantly alter flight paths.
• Future Applications: Findings suggest current acoustic deterrent methods may not effectively prevent bald eagle collisions at wind farms, highlighting the need for alternative mitigation strategies.

Project Significance:
These results inform wildlife managers and policymakers about the limitations of acoustic deterrents for eagle conservation. While the study contributes to understanding bald eagle behavior in response to sound, additional research is needed to develop more effective strategies for reducing bald eagle collisions and balancing renewable energy expansion with wildlife protection.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The team has communicated the results of the work to colleagues in Xcel Energy’s Renewable Energy Research group and with colleagues at Western Ecosystem Technology Inc (WEST)., an environmental consulting firm.

The project work was presented at the Acoustical Society of America May 2023 meeting and published in the corresponding journal (J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 153, A186 (2023)).

The final report as submitted to LCCMR is planned to be worked into a St Anthony Falls Laboratory (SAFL) project report. The project report will be highlighted on SAFL’s website and will be searchable via internet search engines.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The aim of the project was to minimize the effects of human activity that might alter Minnesota’s ecological balance by diverting reusable materials from the waste stream. The partners documented the reclaimed materials and measured Green House Gas emissions sequestered along with the environmental impact and benefits of the project.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Seeking to change how waste is managed, the goal of the project was to demonstrate the viability of alternative operating models that would extend the life cycle for materials that would end up in State landfills.

The project employed five waste diversion strategies for the prevention and reduction of generated waste through repurpose, recycling, and reuse. The five strategies included transfer station collection at sites in Becker County, Dodge County and Cambridge. curbside collection in the City of Bloomington, seven municipal collection events in six Hennepin County cities , 35 deconstruction projects throughout the State, and material donation drop-offs. The project highlighted the advantages of reuse and generated environmental, financial, and social benefits that support the 3 Pillars of sustainability: Planet - Reducing the burden on State landfills by diverting over 3,800 tons of reusable materials, helped mitigate environmental degradation, and promote the preservation of ecological balance with the avoidance of 12,408 metric tons of GHG emissions. People – Promoting social responsibility with the donation of reusable items helped support local communities and charitable organizations. Along with providing workforce training opportunities to over 100 formerly incarcerated men. Economy – The avoidance of approximately $144,163 in costs associated with landfill use, and the creation of 8 full-time jobs.

The project was a great opportunity for Minnesota’s environment and citizens, placing us at the forefront of creating a circular economy, where waste is viewed as a resource instead of a burden, providing strategic solutions for the repurposing of waste materials, driving innovation and sustainability. Overall, this project was an investment in Minnesota’s future: by reducing landfill use, reducing harmful greenhouse gas emissions, helping to ensure the future quality of our air, water and land; and helping to build a more stable environmental and economic future by fueling the emergence of new businesses.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

A 28-page detailed report outlining this project, lessons learned, and highlighting the importance of material diversion has been uploaded to the LCCMR website. The partners routinely shared stories and provided updates highlighting project activities and work performed at multiple presentations, and conferences listed below:

2022 - Q1 2022 MN Built Environment meeting, Reuse Minnesota’s Reuse22 Conference.

2023 - The Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments Recycling Committee’s Innovative Bulk Material Collection Programs meeting, and Reuse Minnesota’s Reuse23 Conference

2024 - Solid Waste Association of North America / Air&Waste Management Association Regional Meeting and Minnesota Conference, Northwest & Central Regional Landfill Operators meeting.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

A large portfolio of work was completed including hiring two staff, producing two conferences, an impact report of reuse, a business needs assessment, the creation of a resale business training, a survey of secondhand shoppers, a rebate for repair program, and ongoing support for reuse and related benefits in Minnesota.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

With funding from LCCMR, Reuse Minnesota successfully illustrated and expanded the positive impacts that reuse has on Minnesota's economy, environment, and communities. The deliverables for this grant were wide and varied, sometimes making the management of the grant difficult, however, there are many positive outcomes from the work.

Two staff were hired in 2021, both of whom are still with the organization, which now has expanded capacity in education, outreach, and promotion and obtained new funding to continue our work.

An impact report examined economic data from reuse businesses in the state to show the positive benefits for jobs, the economy, and the environmental.

A business needs assessment helped us focus our work on the areas most needed by reuse organizations throughout the state. Connection opportunities were expanded by creating an ongoing series of quarterly virtual speed networking events. We continue to look for ways to implement more of the recommendations.

REUSE22 and REUSE23 were well attended conferences, covering an extensive range of topics related to reuse both in Minnesota and beyond. These events serve as a powerful connecting point for reuse advocates in the state.

An incredibly successful and well-received Resale Business Development training was created and the first cohort of 25 happened in March 2025. We have a publicly available handbook and intend to seek funding in the future to offer this training again.

A survey of 300 secondhand shoppers was conducted at 10 resale locations, with data providing important insight into the behaviors of individuals who opt to shop used.

The rebate for repairs was a massive undertaking, but resulted in approximately $7800 in rebates going to individuals who opted to have repairs made instead of buying new. These actions reduce the demand for natural resources and create jobs.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Reuse Minnesota shares all of the work conducted under this grant to the public through regular social media, emails, and our website. Appropriate ENRTF attributions are made whenever applicable.

A rebate program report has not yet been completed. We will upload it to the system when it is. A link to the in-progress report for the shopper survey has been added under attachments.

A webinar about the shopper survey and rebate program is being planned for winter 2024-2025.A brief presentation about the rebate program will be made at the virtual Repair Economy Summit in December 2024.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

MDNR Center for Aquatic Mussel Programs reintroduced over 4,400 native mussels into three watersheds in southeast Minnesota, bringing our total number to over 17,000 since 2016. We completed monitoring of mussels and habitat at reintroduction sites. We disseminated information through outreach events, including facility tours, presentations, and newsletters.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

The MDNR Center for Aquatic Mussel Programs (CAMP) propagated 775,486 Mucket, Black Sandshell, Higgins Eye, Snuffbox, and Spectaclecase mussels at our laboratory in Lake City, Minnesota. We accomplished this by collecting 47 gravid female mussels, extracting glochidia, inoculating 437 host fishes, and raising juveniles in our lab for their first year of life (Table 1). We continue to rear 31,765 sub-adult mussels in preparation for release (previous cohorts age 1 – 2 years; mean shell length range 10 – 40 mm) at grow-out locations including lakes near Austin and Cannon Falls, the Saint Croix River, Minnesota Zoo, and Waterville Fish Hatchery. We reintroduced 4,445 Mucket, Black Sandshell, Higgins Eye, and Snuffbox into eight sites among the Cannon (n = 3), Cedar (n = 3), and Mississippi River (n = 2) watersheds. We recaptured 1,764 tagged mussels during three annual surveys and collected size and condition data that will be used to evaluate success among sites. We observed gravid female Mucket and Black Sandshell in each watershed, suggesting reproduction is possible if fish hosts are available (Figure 1). We quantified environmental parameters at each site and found some potential concerns for ammonia in the Cedar and Mississippi Rivers because of values > 0.07 ppm (Figure 2). We completed physical characterization of sites on the Cedar River (Status Updates June 30 & July 3, 2023) but the Cannon River is postponed until shared survey equipment becomes available. Additionally, CAMP engaged and informed citizens and the media about our program and the importance of mussels via public and professional presentations, interviews, newsletters, tours, and our website. We also continued to work on developing a phone application to identify mussels. Visuals can be found in Optional Attachments: Final Abstract October 2023 (figures).

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The importance of our work was highlighted through multiple presentations and interviews to the public and media including the Hormel Nature Center native mussel exhibit, IJ Holton Middle School, Waterville Fish Hatchery (Mankato Free Press), PBS Prairie Sportsman (“Mike’s Muckets” video), and a Viking River Cruise. We set up display booths at the Minnesota State Fair, Metro Children’s Water Festival, and the DNR Roundtable meeting and passed out hundreds of posters, provided touchable shells and buttons, and showed a mussel filtration video (see previous status updates for photos). Moreover, professional presentations were given at Freshwater Mussel Conservation Society’s biannual conference.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Pollinator Central II: Habitat Improvement with Community Monitoring established native habitat on 116 acres at 10 project sites and directly engaged 883 volunteers and 122 citizen scientists, enhancing the natural environment of both urban and rural areas as well as connecting people with plants, pollinators, and their local communities.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Great River Greening staff worked with enthusiastic local landowners to create native plant habitats supporting native wildlife, specifically pollinators, and to provide free and available outdoor areas for education, engagement, and enjoyment for the local community in these accessible ecosystems. GRG also supported conservation stewardship and community science in the form of observational monitoring to record how the habitat restoration projects impacted pollinator communities over time.

These unique 10 projects met or exceeded goals, with a total of 116 acres restored or enhanced (original milestones = 11 sites, 116 acres), engaging a total of 883 habitat volunteers in active restoration activities such as native planting, seeding, or invasive shrub removal (goal = 350) and 122 community scientists in pollinator monitoring and related educational events (goal = 75). Urban projects were smaller than rural projects, but consistently saw more community involvement in the habitat work (large volunteer events with high interest in pollinator monitoring), and even small pockets of pollinator habitat serve as corridors connecting larger areas. An example is the set of projects along a county path in West St. Paul spanning two schools, two parks, two cities, that converted turf to prairie with restored woodlands visited daily by students and walkers.

The pollinator education and monitoring efforts facilitated dozens of multi-site and virtual pollinator identification trainings directly leading to 109, 3-Category independent monitoring contributions on 7 sites (2,473 native bees observed) and 6 bumble bee counting events on one site with 478 native bumble bees of 9 species observed through 2024, summarized with multiple reports attached from the University of Minnesota Bee Lab and Xerces Society partners. This information will be used to continue steward the habitat projects and provide context for the positive impact these efforts are having on local wildlife, including the endangered monarch butterfly and rusty-patched bumble bee.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Communications to the public, contractors, media, and volunteers included the language or ENRTF logo as required, temporary and permanent signs were used to describe habitat work and ENRTF backing. The pollinator monitoring work is described in the attached “Xerces Final Report” and Spring Lake / Two Rivers “RPBB Assessments” (Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation), as well as the University of Minnesota Bee Lab yearly Spring Lake Bumble Bee Summaries (2022 and 2023). Greening staff also presented at the Society for Ecological Restoration conference in 2023 and continues this dissemination of monitoring results to event participants and landowning partners into 2024.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

This first phase of work protecting the only population of ball cactus in Minnesota has been a resounding success, with almost 500 plants in three new locations planted over 2022 and 2023 and nearly 80% first-year survival for individuals planted in 2022. This success will continue to be reinforced.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

There is a single population of ball cactus (Escobaria vivipara) in the state of Minnesota near Ortonville, and the plant lives on granite rock surfaces, a substrate highly desirous for mining. The largest parts of this population are under threat of development, and our hope was to move plants off quarry lands to protected landscapes. Permitting issues between the quarries and the DNR delayed access to moving adult plants beyond the window of this grant, but we were able to collect seed from quarry plants. We propagated and planted nearly 500 individuals from these parent plants to three locations in the area, all of which are protected lands, including an expansion of the existing subpopulation at the Big Stone National Wildlife Refuge. Two of the plantings are in new locations where the cactus was currently not found: another nearby federally-protected preserve and The Nature Conservancy preserve Plover Prairie. This kind of rescue is difficult with cactus, but we had unexpected success after the first year planting, with nearly 80% survival. Rare plant introduction success is often hard won, so the we expect to follow and bolster this population as necessary for several years. The goal will be to have these new populations establish on their own and sustain themselves after time. The parameters established and data collected from this work will be useful for future projects, whether this or other species. We anticipate this will inspire more work seeking to proactively preserve imperiled populations of rare plant species as well as inform groups seeking to preserve or reintroduce populations lost or destroyed on their original landscapes. Direct intervention to save rare plants has been itself rare in Minnesota but this project shows that this avenue has the great potential to be a useful tool to preserve some of Minnesota's rare natural resources.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Signs at the National Wildlife Refuge are in the process of being constructed and these will acknowledge ENRTF funding. The StarTribune produced two front page articles on the project (attached). Staff at the University of Minnesota Landscape Arboretum gave several public and staff talks highlighting this project. In general, this project has garnered much excitement and interest. Much like with previous work with orchids through LCCMR funding, our work with the cactus brought to attention a plant that many most Minnesotans had no idea was even in the state.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

This project allowed MnDOT to better protect biodiversity and enhance pollinator habitat by increasing the capacity to carry out roadside prescribed burns.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

MnDOT increased the number of burn crews from 4 to 7 statewide, which gives us crews in 7 of the 8 MnDOT districts. We added 2 additional burn bosses now totaling 5 statewide. The additional two burn bosses will greatly increase the frequency in which burns will be completed. 70 new burn plans were completed, which provides new locations on which fire is being used. Over 4,000 miles of road ditches were surveyed, providing better data, which is being used for several proposes.

In the last three years MnDOT has made significant progress in building a fire program. Prior to phase one of this project MnDOT was conducting on average 5 burns a year, since the project started MnDOT has been completing 25+ burns a year. We have identified several roadsides needing fire management, trained four prescribed fire crews around the state, and formally adopted MN DNR standards for training and qualifications. Despite this progress, we are currently constrained by a shortage of staff qualified to lead the fire crews. By adopting MN DNR standards, we have set a high bar for individuals to become qualified to lead prescribed fires, hereafter referred to as a “burn boss.” To become qualified as a burn boss, an employee must take several classes and work with mentors to demonstrate competency with various skills. Depending on the availability of trainings and mentors, this process takes several years. Without enough qualified burn bosses, we are currently forced to rely on two burn bosses and therefore can only implement a small number of prescribed fires each year.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

All presentation that pertains to MnDOT fire program will give credit to LCCMR. All research results will be shared with interagency partners. Next to MnDOT logo on burn plans a trust fund logo has be included. Trust Fund logo has be added to Vegetation monitoring sites.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

American Bird Conservancy (ABC) restored 12 acres of deciduous forest in partnership with Aitkin, Beltrami and Cass Counties, utilizing science-based Best Management Practices to rejuvenate non-commercial stands for focal wildlife species. The outcomes of this project will be shared on the ABC website.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

The purpose of this project was to help northern Minnesota counties (Aitkin, Cass, Beltrami) manage their upland timber sites during a period when stumpage prices were at a level that made small scale habitat projects not commercially viable. While assisting the counties, the goal of this project was to create early successional forest habitat and to improve the overall quality of timber stands. This project was implemented by respective counties providing American Bird Conservancy (ABC) with projects lacking market interest. ABC would then put these projects out for bid, accepting the best offer from contractors.

Ultimately, this project resulted in only 12 acres of early successional habitat created in Aitkin County, because of a considerable increase in stumpage prices while this project was active. Since county partners are required to consider bids received as a result of the increased stumpage price, the need for any supplemental funding to complete projects has been greatly reduced.

Additionally, the land commissioners from two of the three partnering counties, Aitkin County and Cass County, as well as multiple foresters integral in the development and implementation of projects associated with this grant, have since moved on or retired from their positions. As a result, multiple county partners lack the capacity to assist ABC with the identification of alternate project sites that might be viable options for this project.

During this process, ABC maintained positive relationships with partners and developed fresh relationships with the new land commissioners, constantly communicating about project goals and challenges as they arose. This continual communication and a shared interest in the conservation and societal goals of this project has laid the groundwork for future collaborations to make Minnesota public areas more resilient.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Activities associated with this effort will be shared on ABC’s website. An in-person event was held August 2-3, 2022 at Pineridge Grouse Camp in Grand Rapids, MN to educate county partners and local constituents on the importance of creating early successional habitat. This event helped demonstrate the importance of forest management and developing early successional habitat to the attendees, which included county, USFS, NRCS, RGS employees, and private landowners.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Trust for Public Land piloted the Minnesota Community Schoolyards program, including a demonstration project at Jefferson Elementary in Faribault, MN. This showed a replicable model for transforming underutilized schoolyards into restored native habitat, expanded tree canopy, and enhanced outdoor educational spaces; and engaging the next generation of environmental champions.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Across Minnesota, schools face many environmental, learning, and social challenges, including habitat and tree canopy loss; extreme heat and rain events; learning loss; mental health and behavioral issues; teacher burnout; and disconnection from the outdoors. Only a fraction of schoolyards are designed as quality outdoor spaces to protect and preserve the environment.

Utilizing M.L. 2021-097 ENRTF funding, Trust for Public Land piloted the Minnesota Community Schoolyards program to demonstrate Community Schoolyards as a statewide solution to address the lack of quality nearby nature opportunities at schools and untap schoolyards’ ecological potential. Community schoolyards add native plants, pollinator habitats, green infrastructure for stormwater management, trees, outdoor classrooms, gardens, nature play, porous surfaces, and hard surface removal.

Due to funding provided by the ENRTF as recommended by the Legislative Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR), Trust for Public Land:

-Developed the first-in-the-nation statewide analysis of 2,500 schools. The assessment identified high-need locations using environmental, health, demographic, and park-need data at both school- and community-levels. This tool helped select the location of the demonstration project site and identify priority geographies and districts for schoolyard transformations.
-Created a 5-year programmatic strategic plan to connect Minnesota children and families to quality nature and learning spaces. This would establish nature-filled community schoolyards as the standard and best practice for Minnesota schools.
-Formed an initial network of 15 early schoolyard champions and cross-sector partners in cities, counties, and school districts across the state to break down institutional barriers, red tape, and siloes to advance this work with the Minnesota Children’s Outdoor Bill of Rights.
-Completed a demonstration project at Jefferson Elementary in Faribault, MN showcasing a replicable proof-of-concept design
-Developed and refined a Student Leader Class curriculum, activities, and assignments, specific to Minnesota’s climate and local context, that can replicated across schools.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Various webpages were created including MN schoolyard program page (https://www.tpl.org/our-work/minnesota-community-schoolyards) and Jefferson Elementary demonstration project page (https://www.tpl.org/our-work/jefferson-elementary-community-schoolyard).

The statewide schoolyard mapping resource was shared widely to partners and school agencies, presented the tool to a handful of webinars and groups, and also hosted online: https://web.tplgis.org/healthy-community-schoolyards-a-discovery-map/.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Superior Hiking Trail Association made significant strides in "plumbing the muddy depths" of our trail through improved water management repairs on one mile of tread, 12 reroutes around perennially wet areas ranging from a few 100 feet to 1.5 miles in length, and installing six new stone step crossings.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Superior Hiking Trail Association (SHTA) is continually challenged to keep water off, and people on, the Trail. Heavy use, deferred maintenance, and poor original design all play a part. Thanks to ENRTF funds SHTA had great success in implementing solutions to address water-causing erosion, which included addressing some of the most pressing deferred water management maintenance along our trail corridor. An instrumental ingredient to our success continues to be the utilization of volunteers. For this project, our match exceeded our original estimate, nearly 3,800 hours contributed by volunteers!

SHTA met all goals initially laid out in the project scope except for a decision to reroute sections of Trail initially planned for recontouring, thus increasing our the number and size of our reroutes, but reducing our water management mileage.

A large focus of the funds were directed towards 12 reroutes, these ranged in length from 100 ft to 1.5 miles. Reroute locations spanned from the Duluth all the way to the Lutsen area. Locations included Knowlton Creek, Brewer Park, Sargent Creek, Kingsbury Creek, Woods Creek, Leskinen Creek, Mystery Mountain, Encampment River, Reservoir Road, Indian Camp Creek, Green Street, and East Haines Road.

The second focus of the funds were stone step crossings, the largest and most prominent project being Encampment River crossing, where 23 small boulders were placed strategically across the riverway with DNR hydrologist design guidance. This crossing has become a focal point along the Trail and it's praised by hikers during the wet months.

SHTA continues to receive praises from our land managers on the outcomes of our work to provide high quality access while actively working to improvement the trail corridor to reduce impacts to the land and water. In the case of these projects, land managers included Lake County, City of Duluth, and Forest Service.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

SHTA highlighted our ENRTF projects as completed through our print materials, website, social media and other media outlets. 2022 project completed were highlighted in our Fall 2022 Ridgeline and upcoming 2023 projects were shared in our Spring 2023 Ridgeline. Each of our RPFs includes recognition of ENTRF. Sign installation took place at some of the large project locations such as Bean & Bear reroute, Leskinen reroute and Encampment River reroute/stone step crossing.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Erosion control products are important in protecting Minnesota’s soil and water during construction, but they often contain plastic that can pollute the environment. Hemp fiber offers a locally grown, renewable, biodegradable alternative. Effective hemp-based prototypes successfully developed and tested in Minnesota offer a path toward more sustainable erosion control options.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Erosion and sediment control products play an important role in protecting Minnesota’s waters from pollution during construction projects. While an incredibly useful tool, these products are often made from plastic. As part of its sustainability goals, MnDOT is focused on developing and adopting biodegradable alternatives, reducing the amount of plastic that ends up in Minnesota’s soil and water.

Hemp is a locally grown, sustainable, biodegradable fiber crop with the potential to replace plastic in these products, creating new economic opportunities for Minnesota’s farmers and manufacturers.

Seeking to identify solutions to this challenge, the Agricultural Utilization Research Institute (AURI) collaborated with MnDOT, the Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA), and private sector partners to produce hemp-based erosion control products for lab and field testing.

AURI’s Bioindustrial Innovation Center in Waseca, Minn., produced hemp fibers for testing in erosion control blankets, hydraulic mulch, sediment control logs, and silt fences. Hemp fibers were also spun into yarn to assess potential use as netting material in erosion control products.

Guided by findings from initial tests and trials, AURI connected with private industry partners to develop and refine erosion control prototypes. Some prototypes included blends of other biodegradable materials with hemp fibers. MnDOT provided guidance on key performance specifications and managed field trials of the most promising prototypes.

The results of these tests and trials were promising, providing proof of concept for the use of hemp in multiple classes of erosion control products. The partnerships developed during this project also created a strong foundation for future research and innovation. The findings of the project were compiled into a report, and will be shared with project partners, industry stakeholders, and other interested parties to build awareness of hemp’s potential and support the development of new products to protect Minnesota’s resources.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The highlight of the project’s dissemination activities was an AURI-MnDOT hosted field day at the MnROAD research facility, with research presentations and tours of the prototype test sites. The event was attended by industry stakeholders from Minnesota and several other states.

In addition to presenting at the field day, project team members presented at multiple events around the state, on podcasts, and at erosion control industry conferences.

AURI also highlighted the project via its media channels, publishing a feature article in its newspaper, producing a podcast, developing informational materials, and preparing a full report on the project’s findings.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Existing trails on the property were extended into undeveloped areas to allow community members to safely walk the trails and gain an appreciation for native plants and wildlife of this local area.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

This is a senior living community, and we wanted to provide members living here access (with their families) to view the natural surroundings of the area in a safe manner. To accomplish that, we extended existing walking trails another 0.4 miles into a wooded area. Brush for the trail was cleared and Class II Granite was poured/graded over the cleared new trail bed. Area outside of the trail bed remained largely untouched. Signage and markers were installed to provide information/direction. Interpretive signs for native plants and wildlife will be added in the Spring, in collaboration with various local educational institutions. The intent is to improve the quality of life for those seniors that live here and give them an opportunity to learn more about the natural habitat of this local area. In addition, we hope local educational institutions take advantage of the project - a local elementary school is very close to the trail. Hopefully, we will be able to foster some inter-generational activities that can take place on the trail with seniors and children.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The project was completed in the Fall of 2023. We were able to take advantage of warm weather to have tours for seniors and their family members on the path, viewing the Fall colors as the leaves started to change. The facility has a large recreational cart that was used to transport seniors who are unable to walk that distance, so that they could participate with others on the trail.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

This project exceeded our original acreage goal of 62 and ultimately enhanced 64 acres of grassland and forest habitat for pollinators and wildlife, as well as created management plans to guide longterm maintenance at Bruce Vento Nature Sanctuary in St. Paul and Applewood and Carver Additional Preserves in Maplewood.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

This project was a partnership between Friends of the Mississippi River (FMR), the City of St. Paul, Wakan Tipi Awanyankapi, and the City of Maplewood to plan for and restore habitat in three urban natural areas - Bruce Vento Nature Sanctuary in St. Paul and Applewood and Carver Preserves in Maplewood - with a focus on using native plants that are important for pollinators and hold significance to Indigenous peoples. Research shows that urban natural areas are important in providing habitat for wildlife and pollinators; however, urban open spaces are increasingly degraded by non-native invasive species and a lack of native vegetation. Under these conditions, they provide little habitat for native pollinators whose populations are in decline. Restoration of these sites focused on invasive woody shrub and tree removal from 34 forest and 30 grassland acres. In forested areas, invasives were replaced with native shrubs and trees in suitable locations, and native grass and wildflower seeding helped add structure and diversity to these sites. On grassland acres, prescribed fire was used to prep and maintain habitat, invasive species were removed, and native prairie seed was added to restore and enhance habitat. The project will also engaged over 50 volunteers from the local communities to help with invasive removal and the planting of 310 native trees and shrubs. Habitat at these sites was vastly improved through this work. Importantly, this project also provides a model for local partnerships for urban habitat improvement and public engagement.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

This project resulted in the creation of management plans that guide restoration for the City of Maplewood. FMR also wrote about the projects in both Activity 1 and 2 in our Mississippi Messages newsletter (Bruce Vento Nature Sanctuary; Applewood and Carver Preserves) and our Annual Report, and hosts permanent project pages on our website. All pieces acknowledge ENRTF and LCCMR. FMR and Wakan Tipi Awanyankapi, our native-led partner at the sanctuary, also worked together to produce a video on both the ecological and cultural importance of many of the plant species used in our restoration.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

We examined how seed mix design and land management influenced floral resources for native bees. Our findings will help reduce the cost of pollinator seed mixes. We also developed a seed mix tool enabling land managers in Minnesota to input seed mixes to maximize forage for native bees.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

We planted over 400 3x3 meter plots with a diverse array of seed mixes for prairie restoration. We varied the density and diversity of forb seeds as well as the ratio of forb-to-seed. We found that the forb-to-grass ratio was the most important factor for overall floral abundance while the forb-to-grass ratio and seed diversity positively influenced phenological coverage of floral bloom. Seed density had little effect on any floral resource measure. This suggests that land managers in Minnesota can use lower seed density mixes and thus reduce the overall cost of ecological restoration. Further, we mimicked the common land management strategies of burning and mowing and found that these management techniques had little effect on overall floral resource production. We also measured nectar and pollen rewards and how those rewards were influenced by seed mix design. We found little effect of any of these factors on pollen or nectar rewards. Finally, we developed a seed mix tool that enables land managers to build seed mixes to support native bees. Land managers can use this tool to see which native bee species are supported by which plants and provides suggestions as to which plant species could be added to support additional native bees. This tool is freely available for anyone to use on our website.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

We presented this research in numerous talks for the general public as well as researchers. We have published two peer-reviewed manuscripts (see attached). The pollinator seed mix tool we developed is available online for anyone to use.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

This project serves as a model on how to improve water quality through shoreline stabilization in combination with shoreline fishing and ADA fishing access improvements on the island in Silver Lake within Silverwood Park, St. Anthony MN.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Silver Lake is located in St. Anthony, with much of its shoreline and an island being within Silverwood Regional Park, which is operated by Three Rivers Park District. The lake is on the MPCA’s list of impaired waters. The lake has an approved water quality improvement plan that recognizes shoreline stabilization as a recommended solution. The island is connected to the mainland via a walkway bridge and is a popular shore fishing area. Heavy use of the island for fishing had resulted in devegetation, soil erosion, and shoreline erosion at several sites along the island’s shoreline.

The goals of the project were to provide water quality improvements through shoreline stabilization, to provide shoreline fishing improvements and to provide ADA accessible fishing access on the island in Silver Lake.

The project combined shoreline stabilization at four heavily impacted and popular fishing sites on the island with shoreline fishing improvements. The shore itself was hardened with small rocks and logs to improve habitat while reducing erosion. Large limestone blocks were added for sitting, flat flagstone fishing pads were added, and rock stairs were constructed to provide guided access to the shoreline. The sites were then replanted with native vegetation to further reduce erosion.

In addition, the shoreline fishing sites near the bridge and on the scenic point of the island were developed to fully comply with ADA access needs.

Over 450,000 people visit Silverwood Regional Park each year. Water quality within Silver Lake will continue to improve now that the island shoreline has been stabilized, and visitors now have the opportunity for high quality shoreline fishing experiences for people of all abilities.

The project is expected to serve as a model for other projects that wish to combine water quality improvements through shoreline stabilization with shoreline fishing and access improvements.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

This project provided water quality improvements through shoreline stabilization as well as improved recreational shoreline fishing opportunities for the general public.

Water quality data for Silver Lake is collected bi-weekly during open water seasons and is uploaded to the MPCA’s Environmental Quality Information System (EQuIS) data base system.

The methods and resulting benefits of the project will be showcased to lake associations, watershed districts, park agencies and municipalities. The project has the potential to be featured at local, regional, and state conferences as an example of improving water quality and angling through shoreline restoration.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The Lawns to Legumes Program is focused on building a movement to support at-risk pollinator species. The project resulted in nearly 3000 high diversity residential plantings covering, 4.6 million square feet, and a large numbers of DIY projects across Minnesota inspired and guided by the program.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

The Lawns to Legumes Pilot Program started in 2019 and has focused on building a movement to protect pollinators in Minnesota for the last 5 years. It is the first statewide program in the nation to allow any resident to apply for funding and technical assistance to support pollinator populations. The Individual Support grant received over 26,000 applications, funding was provided, and habitat was created on 2613 parcels of land in Minnesota in Phase 2 of this program. Individual Support recipients contributed $434,636 in match. Through the competitive Demonstration Neighborhood Grant (2021-337)15 grants were funded, participants reported implementing 279 projects creating 642,496 square feet (14.75ac) of habitat in community and residential places. The grantees for Demonstration Neighborhood also leveraged $111,468 in matching funds. We have also seen large numbers of DIY projects being implemented through residents using program technical resources and participating in the program outreach and education. We have nearly three-quarters of a million visits to the program websites demonstrating the reach and momentum of the program.

By the Numbers for Phase 2

1. 26,262 residents applied for assistance through Individual Support grants from all 87 of Minnesota’s counties.
2. Around 4.6 million square feet (105 acres) of high diversity urban habitat was planted as part of nearly 3000 plantings.
3. 40% of the projects were completed in environmental justice areas of Minnesota.
4. Participants contributed about 1:1 match for their projects.
5. Nearly 2,500 people participated in program workshops and presentations.
6. Over 350 volunteer coaches were involved assisting nearly 840 grantees.
7. A community of practice website called The Hive was established for grantees to support each other.
8. Over 60 local organizations collaborated on the program.
9. Around three-quarter of a

                                                

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Outreach and education was an important component of the Lawns to Legumes Program to help build a movement to protect pollinators. A large number of resources were incorporated into the Board of Water and Soil Resources Lawns to Legumes Program website including a popular “Planting for Pollinators Habitat Guide” and many planting templates and lists of plant species beneficial to pollinators. The Blue Thumb Partnership played a key role in assisting the Individual Support component of the program and they developed a Program webpage and grantee guide to help guide residents through the process of applying for individual support

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

This project will increase biodiversity, landscape heterogeneity, and ecosystem resiliency through the reintroduction of the primary historic prairie grazer in Minnesota, the American plains bison (Bison bison). By introducing bison, the 150 acres of prairie will become more diverse and will likely enhance ecosystem function and overall stability.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Prairie is one of Minnesota’s most threatened ecosystems. Fire is often used as a practical and cost-effective means of prairie restoration and management. However, it is well documented that repeated use of fire, even on longer intervals, often results in an overabundance of grasses and a reduction in forbs or flowers, to the detriment of plant and animal diversity. Increasingly, grazing is being used to restore and maintain native grasslands. There is a no more suitable grazer than the native American bison, having evolved with prairie ecosystems for thousands of years. Bison had profound impacts, primarily through their habit of feeding mostly on grasses and by grazing in patches. Forbs, that are otherwise suppressed, are released. Grasses recover between grazing events and persist in non-grazed areas. Re-establishment of bison grazing has been shown to reverse the loss of biodiversity from prairies with frequent burning regimes. Dakota County, in partnership with the Minnesota Bison Conservation Herd (MN DNR, Dakota County, the Minnesota Zoo, and the Zollman Zoo), have installed the infrastructure required to keep the animals and park visitors safe and healthy and have reintroduced bison to the prairie in Spring Lake Park Reserve along the Mississippi River. Initially, eight bison have been brought in and it is anticipated that the herd will grow to about fifteen animals.

Prior to reintroducing the bison, County staff have spent several years collecting data on the plants and animals that live in or visit the prairie. The data from on-going monitoring will help to document the impact that the bison have on the prairie.

This project will serve to increase the number of bison in the MN Bison Conservation Herd, and it will serve as a demonstration for the public and other land managers as to how grazing can impact prairie restoration and management.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Dakota County has disseminated information about this project through the Parks webpage and Facebook, through numerous presentations and programs, and from many media stories. A few examples are below. It will take a number of years of surveys and monitoring to document the impact that the bison are having on the prairie. Dakota County is also developing interpretive panels that will be installed at several locations in the park to inform and educate park visitors about the bison.

Kare 11
WCCO
StarTribune
Agate
Minnesota Public Radio
Bring Me The News

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Elm Creek Restoration Final Phase was an in-stream habitat restoration project that included 2,500 linear feet of stream bank restoration downstream of Hayden Lake and upstream of Mill Pond in the City of Champlin. The project spanned from just upstream of the Elm Creek Crossing bridge to Hayden Lake.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Elm Creek is an impaired water with low dissolved oxygen. This project restored existing eroded stream banks which will reduce downstream sedimentation and constructed improvements to provide habitat structure. Construction crews used large equipment during frozen conditions to construct features for this project that included root wads, boulder vanes, toewood, boulder clusters, rock weirs and riffles. These features were designed to enhance aquatic species habitat including sensitive species such as Blanding's Turtle. The riparian areas of the creek were restored with native planting buffer using native seeding that will filter sediments and nutrients from direct runoff. Overall, the project reduced the amount of TSS and TP deposited into the Elm Creek which ultimately discharges to the Mill Pond. Additionally, installation of features like the rock riffles introduce oxygen to the stream which improves dissolved oxygen. This project has preserved the habitat along the Elm Creek and provided an amenity for the community to access for recreation.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Project updates were provided to the public using the city's social media, quarterly Champlin Chronical newsletter, through staff updates at City Council work session meetings and Environment Resources Commission meetings. Dissemination information is provided in the attachment tab. A sign depicting funding by the LCCMR was installed near the pedestrian bridge in the Elm Creek Park Reserve.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Otter Tail County with the help of the funding provided by LCCMR was able to build a 5.760-mile multi-modal trail system that serves as the missing connection between two trail segments connecting the City of Perham and Maplewood State Park.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Otter Tail County was able to create a multi-modal trail corridor by construction of the McDonald Segment of the Heart of the Lakes Regional Trail. This 10 foot wide multi-use trail connects the city of Perham to Maplewood State Park and thus enhances the outdoor recreational opportunities of county residents and visitors. Maplewood State Park is a significant environmental destination for visitors and residents alike, as it hosted over 154,000 visitors in 2017 alone. A large collaborative effort took place between Otter Tail County, City of Perham, City of Pelican Rapids, MN DNR, and MN-DOT in order for this project to become a reality. This trail segment in conjunction with the rest of the trails segments that comprise the Heart of the Lakes Trail is designated as a Trail of Regional Significance by the Greater Minnesota Regional Parks and Trails Commission. Residents and visitors are now provided with a low cost and safer off-road option in order to commute from Perham and surrounding areas to Maplewood State Park and vice versa. This trail corridor also provides for a safer alternative route for residents to be outside and enjoy outdoor recreation opportunities and enjoy nature while improving their health by walking, riding bike, roller blading, and running. This trail corridor does not allow the use of motorized vehicles during the non-snowy months, but we are working with the local snowmobile clubs to have the corridor groomed for snowmobile usage during the winter. During the upcoming 2024 construction season, the final segment of the Heart of the Lakes Regional Trail will be constructed through Maplewood State Park that will then connect the communities of Pelican Rapids to Perham by multi-modal trail.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Otter Tail County has created and placed wayfinding maps at kiosks along the Trail. The ENRTF logo is used on the kiosks and on the County website on the segment-specific pages of the Trail. Otter Tail County will also be creating a trail promotional video in the spring of 2024, which will also display the ENRTF logo.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The County State Aid Highway 88 to Ely Mesabi Trail Segment has been completed. This new paved segment is approximately 2.8 miles-long and connects to the existing Mesabi Tral from the West and traverses Easterly to the city of Ely, MN.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

We have completed the County State Aid Highway 88 to Ely Segment which is approximately 2.8 mile long, 10 feet wide bituminous paved surface with 2 foot gravel shoulders. This segment of the trail begins at County State Aid Highway (CSAH) 88 and then traverse easterly to Ely. This segment has connected to the North American Bear Center, the planned Ely Visitors Center and the International Wolf Center. It also connects to the existing Mesabi Trail on the West (towards Tower) and the existing Mesabi Trail in Ely. Ely is a highly regarded destination for all tourists and the gateway to the Boundary Waters.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Mesabi Trail news and updates are provided through a variety of media, marketing and publications. Web site is: Mesabitrail.com. The following are some of the groups & organizations that disseminate Mesabi Trail information and typically include updates of newly completed trail segments and activities:

• Club Mesabi (10,000 maps & web site)
• Iron Range Tourism (30,000 brochures & web site)
• MN Office of Tourism
• Ampers radio
• Parks & Trails, Home & Away, other private magazines
• 220,000 trail users per year
• Yearly “Mesabi Trail Tour” 700 registered riders
• Named by Bicycle Magazine as” top 10 in the country”

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

A single track mountain bike trails have been created at Belmont Park just North of Jackson, MN! The grant allowed us to build 4-1/2 miles of natural surface biking trails in the unique terrain setting near the Des Moine River. Bikers riding the trails are pumped and thankful!!

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

This grant built the first natural surface single track bike trail in Southwest Minnesota. The grant funded the building of over 4.5 miles of trails, which were created to add to the existing 0.75 mile grass trail which had been previously built by trail members. There is now a 0.75mile beginner trail to encourage new bike enthusiasts to experience riding in the trees. Trail Source, Inc. was the contractor who built the additional 4.5 miles of trails. We now have an intermediate level 1.3 mile riding trail that has several switchbacks and jumps and our signature "bobsled" portion, making it a thrill for bikers to go downhill making several turns. The trail was created in a way that riders could work their way back up hill and return to the "bobsled" or very easily ride the intermediate trail again to build up endurance and learn some jumps. The more advanced trail, which is 2.6 miles long and is located past the stream, gives riders quite the workout. It starts with several uphill switchbacks, then transitions to ups and downs with more jumps located throughout. The trail ends with a nice ride along the Des Moine River with picturesque views.

Signs were installed to indicate the location of the park off of Highway 71. Picture in attachments. The driveway/parking area was improved and the roof on the shelter house was upgraded to metal. Our first event was our open house celebration of the trails on June 7th, 2023 and drew 47 visitors. Pictures in attachments.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Several radio and newspaper articles were written about the improvements to the park. See example in attachments from BIKE MN Trails magazine.

Acknowledgment of funding from the MN Environment & Natural Resources Trust Fund has been made through radio, paper, social media such as Facebook and our county webpage, as well as on our entrance sign to the park. Already a dozen volunteers are in assisting in maintenance of the trails in addition to our annual county parks budget. We are tracking the amount of bikers daily starting in July. The competitive bike team is searching for a coach.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

This project has occurred on the banks of the Mississippi River in Sauk Rapids. This project enhanced access and expanded users experience in the park while protecting natural features. All of the elements added or improved with the LCCMR grant have both improved the quality/usage of this park.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

The LCCMR grant was intended to support a larger park project that the City of Sauk Rapids undertook to enhance the user experience and increase the use of the park. In the before, this area was largely underutilized land adjacent to the Mississippi River. The goal was to make improvements to the park area that would create some appeal for everyone.

We added Canoe/Kayak access improvements to the Mississippi River in Southside park as well as to the north of Lions Park. The old portages where unimproved and difficult to access for people with disabilities. The 520 feet of trails added with the LCCMR funding allow the two existing fishing piers to be accessible for everyone and also allowed for people to get closer to and in some cases actually interact with the river. A unique attributes of this park. The project also added four lights on the new trails making the park safer and increasing the hours of the day that the park can be utilized.

In the middle of the park is a topographically unique area that has a grade that is above the rest of the park and extends to the river creating an overlook with amazing views of the river/rapids. The landscaping done makes this area more inviting and eliminated 16,044ssquare feet of invasive species.

The two shade structures around the splash pad have been a hit with parents and kids trying to escape the hot sun in the summer. The number of users in the park since the improvements amaze us!

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The City has taken every opportunity to talk about this project and how it was ultimately funded which included local option sales tax and the LCCMR grant. The City is very proud of this improvement and due to the event center in the middle of it we have many opportunities to tell people how it happened.

The City has mounted LCCMR funding signs in the park as well as the northerly access.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The completed park project includes implementation of trailhead, canoe/kayak launch, river overlook, natural playscape, and other facilities, serve as a connection point for the public to trails and the Mississippi River while preserving and enhancing natural habitats through stormwater treatment, pollinator-friendly plantings and landscapes, and riverbank restoration.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

The project aimed to construct the new Lyman P. White Park to provide better access to low-cost recreational opportunities such as walking, biking, and canoeing/kayaking while providing an accessible connection for residents and visitors to the Mississippi River through recreation, education, and restoration. With its completion, the project was successful in achieving those goals and the City of Brainerd has begun to see the growth of that connection of the community to the river and trails through this park. The park project has provided an effective connection to the Cuyuna Lakes and Paul Bunyan State Trails with trailhead amenities such as restrooms and a bike repair station. We have seen additional engagement with both individual kayak enthusiasts as well as organized kayaking groups begin to interact and utilize the kayak launch in the park. Following the opening of the park, there have been several event engagements that have made utilization of the amphitheater including live music and other performances that have engaged the public within the park. It has also been used to tie the facilities into adjacent events such as the 4th of July parade and fireworks. In addition, the project has made several natural habitat improvements such as planting of pollinator-friendly landscapes throughout the park. Also included is a stormwater treatment basin which provides treatment of the stormwater runoff from the site before it encounters the Mississippi River. Additionally, enhancements to the riverbank have been made including removal of invasive vegetation and poor condition trees which have helped re-connect the public to the Mississippi River. Finally, the project has performed some important restoration items along the riverbank to both stabilize the riverbank but to also provide for fish habitat along the river shoreline.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The project has been widely advertised as a successful project as completing the goals set forth from the beginning with website and social media postings. A grand opening event was held on June 3, 2023 to celebrate the opening of the park. As mentioned, there has also been ties of the project to adjacent events, such as the 4th of July parade and fireworks, which have continued to add to the public outreach. As an addition, the City has included an ENRTF-funded sign as you enter the park for permanent acknowledgment of the grant funding to make the project possible.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The completion of this project has provided tourists and residents access to additional non-motorized trails in northern Minnesota. It connects Willard Munger Trailhead Facilities, Moose Lake State Park, Moosehorn River water access and Moose Lake Campground while allowing access to trails from Duluth to Hinckley.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

In 2017, a new Moose Lake School, which serves 577 students, was constructed on County Highway 10. In this location, Trunk Highway 73 is the only corridor from residential and downtown areas of County Highway 10 to the new school. This had left an unsafe condition for students and pedestrians who had to use the shoulder of TH-73 when walking to and from the school grounds. In addition, the Willard Munger trail connected with a city trail that used to hit a dead-end at TH-73.

The City constructed a non-motorized recreational trail on an off-street pedestrian corridor along TH-73. The corridor consists of a 10-foot-wide paved trail on the south side of TH-73 facilitating two-way traffic. This 1.2-mile trail provides a safe corridor for pedestrians, bicyclists, and roller bladers. It also provides safe passage for tourists to City attractions such as parks, the museum, public water landing, campground, and the downtown business sector. Project construction included filling and grading, laying a class 5 aggregate base material, and using asphalt to pave the 10-foot-wide path. Curb ramps for ADA compliant street crossings were also constructed, and new turf was established with seed.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

All information will be presented by the City’s Engineering firm at monthly meetings. Minutes for these meetings will be included in City Council packets to ensure information is made public. All publications and signage will include the ENTRF Trust Logo per the ENTRF acknowledgement guidelines.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The Shell Rock River Watershed District purchased a perpetual conservation easement on 42 acres of previous agricultural ground. Restoration efforts then included wetland establishment of roughly 20 acres for groundwater recharge and approximately 22 acres of natives were planted for pollinator habitat.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Identified in the District’s Comprehensive Water Management Plan, the need for water storage, wetland restoration, groundwater protection and suitable habitat for wildlife has been identified, with priority locations in the upper watersheds within the Shell Rock River watershed. The District has been working with a willing landowner to implement a conservation easement and wetland restoration on a parcel for the benefit of pollinators and groundwater recharge. The District has successfully entered into a permanent conservation easement of approximately 42 acres, paying out $420,000. The District has also engineered and designed the wetland restoration project, placed the project out for public comment, and hired a contractor to implement the wetland restoration. The District followed all 103D processes for the project.

After completion, this project benefits not only local habitat who will utilize the native plants and wetland community, but offers areas of groundwater recharge that can have lasting impacts for future generations. By implementing the project, the District was able to achieve progress towards the Comprehensive Water Management Plans goals. This project has implemented 20 acres, out of plans 175 acres, identified for wetland restoration the Wedge Creek drainage area. This equates to approximately 148 acre-feet of storage. Additionally, it achieved 22 acres out of the plans goal of 384 acres in the Wedge Creek drainage area for perennial conservation cover. The Rusty Patch Bumblebee has been documented in close proximity to this project location and the pollinator planting will offer new habitat opportunities to improve pollinator success.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Being this project included a conservation easement and wetland restoration, no studies or tools resulted. Project status updates were included on the Shell Rock River Watershed Districts Facebook page as well as numerous times being listed in our Watershed Weekly 8-2-2024 (shellrock.org) Project updates were also supplied at our Public Board Meetings. The District followed all noticing requirements that included logo use and applicable funding source.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

This project produced a return trail for the jump line area, a yet to be named black downhill trail on the east side of the park, and the blue trail named the Brand Bomber. The trails are typically open April - November during daylight hours.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

This project was a combination of LCCMR and Federal Recreation funds. Pathfinder trails was selected as the contractor. The LCCMR portion was started and completed in June, 2022. The federal portion of the project was started in early June 2022 and wrapped up on June 30 2023. We strategically built into our construction schedule to coincide with a freeze/thaw cycle to let the dirt work settle and ensure no maintenance issues arose. One amendment was made to the project to drop the pump track and add another downhill trail. This was done because the cost to construct an all weather pump track was greater than our entire 250,000 from the LCCMR and the federal grant. The trails that were completed during the summer of 2022 held up very well through the winter and the spring thaw. Th trails system in a large asset to our large number of tourist as well as locally. It is the practice site of our high school mountain bike team and will be hosting a Minnesota State High School race in August of 2024.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

These trails have been a great addition to our community and an attraction for tourists visiting our ever popular Lakes Area. We had a grand opening celebration for Brophy Park on July 18, 2023. We thanked our elected officials (including Torre Westrom and Bill Ingebrigtson who served on the LCCMR) in person as well as county officials. We listed all the places funding was secured for the park (including LCCMR). We had a crowd of around 3,500 people who came out to celebrate this public space. It was and will be the highlight of my working career. Thank you.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Activity 1. Construction Engineering - The Cabin engineering and blueprints were completed in the summer of 2021. Activity 2. Paving project complete summer of 2022, Trails project completed the Spring of 2022. Activity 3 Cabin renovation was completed the fall and winter of 2022 and spring on 2023.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

The cabin engineering was done by RHA Architects, Inc., which volunteered most of their services and assisted Veterans on the Lake Resort during the bidding process. They continue to provide services to the resort for future projects. Using their design, we needed to make only minor changes to build two cabins that are wheelchair-friendly and low maintenance.

The fuel reduction/ trail portion of the project had two positive outcomes. After obtaining approval from the United States Forest Service, the owner of the property, we harvested dead balsam from more than 20 acres of resort property, greatly reducing the threat of wildfire to resort buildings. The trees were then chipped and used to build more than 1,200 feet of trails through the forest. These trails allow guests, even those with mobility issues, an opportunity to take a walk in the woods on a chip-covered surface. This portion of the project was delayed two years by weather but was done in 2022. The project also included subgrade work and replacement of the existing blacktop, which was done in 1986. Cracks, potholes and frost heaves made it difficult for our wheelchair guests to travel. The surface is now smooth and much safer for our guests.

The cabin renovation/reconstruction project replaced two of the resort’s older cabins that had no wheelchair access with cabins that have ramp access, 38% more floor space, and are more energy efficient. The extra space affords an open interior design, handicap shower stalls, and other features that make the new structures wheelchair friendly.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

All of the activities funded by this grant and currently benefit the public now and will into the future. Dissemination of the key role this grant played in these projects is ongoing with signage and verbal communication. Whenever there is an opportunity the grant is brought into the conversation. Thank you for all the help.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The design of the Brookston Municipal Campground Project provides the city with a plan to construct a recreational activity hub in their community for the public to access the St Louis River corridor for camping, fishing, and boating, while preserving the shoreline riparian zone, protecting the watershed, and enhancing habitat.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

The City of Brookston is a small community along the shore of the St Louis River that has embraced its location, the surrounding townships, and the Fond du Lac Reservation for over 120 years through fires, floods, and economic change. The city wishes to improve its ability to connect the public to the beautiful shoreline riparian area along the river and used this grant to design a municipal campground on a 16-acre site along the St Louis River that includes 17 head-in RV campsites; 13 pull-thru RV campsites; 5 tent campsites; dump station, 3,136 square foot campground office building with showers, restrooms, administrative space, warming kitchen, laundry, and indoor programming/gathering space; 50 parking spaces; 2,874-foot access road; 1,084-foot pedestrian access trail; 1,000 square foot picnic pavilion; boat launch; dock; and 10 boat trailer parking spaces.

The design was created to connect the community to the area's robust recreational tourism economy, preserve fish and wildlife habitat, educate, and engage the public with this community's thriving ecosystem. It has been prepared with two primary phases to allow the project to scale up or down to match available construction funding. The first phase is planned to develop stormwater infrastructure and site circulation with a drive lane on the south edge of the site, furthest inland from the river, and connect to tent campsites. It will also include the boat launch and fishing dock that will sit on the NE corner between the St Louis River confluence with the Artichoke River and Stoney Brook. The second phase will include a picnic pavilion and RV dump station on the east end of the site, and campground building, RV campsite infrastructure, and associated parking spaces on the west side to complete the full masterplan designed through this grant.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The project has been fully designed and has several entitlement approvals in place. With the construction funding of this project still unfolding, the deliverables in this grant provide a shovel-ready project to leverage in building funding partnerships. It also allows a streamlined process for construction mobilization giving flexibility in timing to avoid potential cost escalation. The community has received periodic updates through multiple opportunities for input and inquiry about the project scope and its design. The A/E of Record, LHB continues working toward bringing this project to fruition and is supporting the city with efforts to solidify funding partnerships.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

This project upgraded and extended 6.4 miles of the Moose and Seven Beavers Multi-use Trails, enhancing outdoor recreation and connecting trail systems in northern Minnesota. It improved accessibility for a variety of users while preserving the area's natural resources, wildlife habitats, and scenic attractions in the Superior National Forest.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

The City of Hoyt Lakes, in partnership with the Ranger Snowmobile/ATV Club, worked to upgrade and extend the Moose and Seven Beavers Multi-use Trails, located in northern Minnesota. These improvements made the trails more accessible to a variety of users, including ATVs, snowmobiles, hikers, and campers, while connecting them to other regional trail systems.

The project included replacing culverts, widening and grading the trail, and repairing bridges. It also included preserving wildlife habitats and scenic areas, particularly in the Superior National Forest, home to diverse species like moose, deer, wolves, and eagles. The project consisted of approximately 6.4 miles of ATV Trail construction between the City of Hoyt Lakes and Skibo and the construction and installation of a bridge over the St. Louis River. The scope of construction included tree removal, aggregate surfacing, 10 culverts of various sizes, and 7 gates.

Now completed, the project offers enhanced recreation opportunities, improved access to natural attractions, and helped protect the region’s unique environmental resources by minimizing disturbances during construction. The project’s success has fostered better connections to hundreds of miles of existing trails, benefiting both local residents and visitors from around the country.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Signage has been posted at the trail outlining the contributions of ENRTF dollars, as well as the logo. Signage also states "funding for this project was provided by the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Legislative-Citizens Commission on Minnesota Resources." A photo has been uploaded to attachments. The Ranger Club met with the City regularly regarding the status of the project.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board was unable to successfully negotiate with owners of either of the two candidate parcels and is therefore unable to expend LCCMR funds for land acquisition. Both parcels changed hands during the life of the grant, which complicated negotiations.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Because MPRB was not successful in acquiring fee interest or easement to either candidate parcel, there are no project outcomes to report. MPRB had robust discussion with the northern parcel's second owner, even proposing multiple creative solutions during the last six months of grant availability, in hopes of achieving a formal agreement that would allow for extension of the grant. These two parcels remain in private hands. Perhaps the only beneficial project outcome is that MPRB has built stronger relationships with these land owners. That will give us a head start on still potentially acquiring land under Project 2023-213.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Negotiations with land owners never reached a point of becoming public through Board of Commissioner action, so no dissemination of any kind took place. There were no documents, notices, reports, nor websites prepared as part of the project.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The completion of the Silver Lake Trail provides greater accessibility to outdoor activities, within a city setting, that can be enjoyed by all residents and visitors. The completed trail provides a non-motorized alternative for access to a wide variety of locations within the city to promote active, healthy living.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

The Silver Lake Trail Improvement Project focused on reconstruction of the southern portion of the trail (adjacent to 2nd Street South) and the eastern portion of the trail (near 6th Avenue South). Dangerous conditions around the southern and eastern portions of Silver Lake existed for non-motorized traffic such as walkers, bikers, strollers, who had to compete with motorized vehicles for use of the road in these areas as the trail led down 2nd Street South, through the Department of Public Utilities work site. This site was a dangerous location with numerous large trucks traversing the area daily.

To alleviate the mixing of motorized and non-motorized traffic, the existing trail adjacent to 2nd Street South is now diverted across Silver Lake on a floating bridge. This new floating bridge connected the south side of the Silver Lake Trail to the existing, upgraded bituminous trail on 6th Avenue. LCCMR funds were utilized for construction of 1200 linear feet of the floating dock, removal, replacement, and widening of over 500 feet of the existing 1050 lineal foot bituminous walking path, addition of new electrical components for three new light standards, the actual light standards that were placed on the trail, as well as reshaping and sloping of the entire area around the trail on the south side to allow for a better grade and to eliminate erosion.

The reconstruction the Silver Lake Walking Trail and the addition of the Floating Bridge was necessary to create safe multi-modal transportation between schools, parks, community recreation facilities, the downtown business district, and other city amenities. The new trail system complements the outdoor attractions that already exist in Virginia’s park and trail system. The newly upgraded multi-modal non-motorized trail also provides alternative access opportunities and promotes active, healthy living.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

During the construction, signs denoting the Silver Lake Trail funding were installed in to note that Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund was acknowledged through use of the trust fund logo and attribution language. The permanent signs were installed in October 2024. Copies of the construction signs and the permanent signs are included in the Attachments Page. City's website at www.virginiamn.us/silverlaketrail was updated as the project progresses, copy of the pages in the Attachments page. Copies of promotion by local sustainability group (IRPS) and the Duluth Tribune are in the Attachment page.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

Seven new fishing piers and a two new shore fishing stations will be available to anglers thanks to the Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund. All projects are accessible and improve fishing opportunities for people of all ages and abilities.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

Seven fishing piers and two shore fishing stations have been purchased, installed and open for use by anglers. The sites with new fishing piers are Cascade Lake in the City of Rochester, Lake Osakis in the City of Osakis, Redwood Reservoir in the City of Redwood Falls, Dutch Lake in the City of Mound, St. Louis River in the City of Floodwood, Lake Bemidji, Diamond Point Park, in the City of Bemidji, Bass Lake, campground, Itasca County and two shore fishing stations on the Sauk River in the City of Melrose.

Accessible fishing pier and shore facilities make fishing safe, convenient, and fun for all ages especially children, elderly, disabled, veterans, families, organized groups, and anyone who doesn’t own a boat or just wants to enjoy being near the water. Fishing piers are often used at outdoor classrooms to teach angling skills and aquatic science education and aid in statewide efforts to recruit and retain anglers. A secondary benefit is the protection of shorelines, by removing foot traffic there is healing as shoreline vegetation fills in. Fishing from a pier can be both relaxing and exciting; one minute everyone is enjoying nature and the next celebrating a fish reeled in.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

In the spring of 2025, a press release will go out sometime before the fishing opener to let anglers know these new accessible fishing piers and shore fishing areas are available. Each local government who partnered on the project is also requested to do a local story. Signs acknowledging the Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund are installed on or near the completed fishing piers and shore fishing stations. All new fishing locations will be added to DNR online and paper maps and made available to the public.

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

This appropriation was used to support the ENRTF contract management program, which ensured that ENRTF grantees expended grant funds in compliance with state law, session law, approved work plans, and Office of Grants Management grants policies.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

This appropriation was used to support the ENRTF contract management program, which ensured that ENRTF grantees expended grant funds in compliance with state law, session law, approved work plans, and Office of Grants Management grants policies.

The DNR Grants Unit managed 116 grants active in FY 2022. In FY 2023, the Grants Unit managed 127 active grants.

Between July 1, 2021 and June 30, 2023, the DNR Grants Unit:

• Made 423 reimbursements to grantees totaling 27.461 million dollars.
• Monitored all grants in compliance with Office of Grants Management policies.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

Project personnel were in frequent contact with appropriation recipients and LCCMR staff. Information was disseminated through manuals, training sessions, orientations, meetings, memos, letters, emails, newsletter, and phone.

Sub-Projects M.L. 2020, Subd. 20c:

• 01: Emerging Issues Benjamin CE Acquisition (ID: 2021-468) - $185,000

SOUND BITE OF PROJECT OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

The interactive ForCAST tool provides natural resource managers, decision makers, and the general public with information about how Minnesota’s forested landscapes and the goods and services they provide may change under different future harvest and climate scenarios, supporting a more informed decision making process and broadening understanding.

OVERALL PROJECT OUTCOME AND RESULTS

ForCAST is designed to provide projections of how forest composition and the goods and services that forests provide will change from 2030 to 2100 under different management and climate scenarios. Landscape change modeling was done using the LANDIS-II model with subsequent wildlife habitat and water quality and quantity modeling done using the Wildlife Habitat Indicator for Native Genera and Species (WHINGS) and Hydrologic Simulation Program - Fortran (HSPF) models. All models were run for each of the 12 unique combinations, four management and three climate scenarios, that generated the outputs for selection in the ForCAST Tool.

Minnesota’s forests are still relatively young. The cutover and subsequent harvest of early successional species have maintained a disproportionate number of acres in these forest cover types. Changing markets and a changing climate are affecting these species and acres as market demand declines, and modeled data shows increased difficulty in regeneration of early successional species. These species showed the highest loss of acres in the modeled outputs.

The drought tolerant mid and late successional species are holding up the best across all model paradigms. These species are moving towards a more normal age class distribution and many will reach a relatively normal age class distribution by 2100.

Model outputs on lowland conifers and hardwood will also be moving towards a more balanced age class distribution with declines of 2 to 5 percent of total acres. However, the model did not include insect and disease subroutines to model mortality due to emerald ash borer, spruce budworm and other significant threats. The outputs for these cover types must be understood in this context and the likelihood that losses of acres through mortality and conversion will likely be much higher than the modeled output suggests.

PROJECT RESULTS USE AND DISSEMINATION

The ForCAST tool is being promoted through a combination of presentations, professional engagement, and outreach. A presentation was given at the UMN Sustainable Forestry Education Cooperative’s 2025 Forestry and Wildlife Research Review in January. It will be featured in the March or April issue of NRRI Now. A webinar will be given through the Sustainable Forestry Education Cooperative in May, and additional meetings or presentations are currently being scheduled with the DNR, Minnesota County Land Commissioners, and the Minnesota Forest Resources Council. Google Analytics indicates 102 unique users of ForCAST during the first 45 days after launch.